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François Mitterrand in 1983

Mitterrand, François

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Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

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Gulf War, 1990-1991

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End of the Cold War

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September 17, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with U.S. President Bush on Monday, 16 September 1991, at the White House Kohl and Bush analyze European security and the potential creation of a European pillar in NATO as well as France's rapproachment vis-a-vis NATO via the WEU. Kohl provides an assessment of Mitterrand's personality and his diplomacy toward Germany.
September 10, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Conversation with the President of the EC Commission, Jacques Delors, on Monday, 9 September 1991, 16:40 until 16:55 hours Kohl and Delors examine the role of the European Community in the stabilization of the Soviet Union's economy including financial aid.
July 25, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Telephone Conversation with President Gorbachev on 24 July, 15:00 Hours Kohl and Gorbachev engage in an assessment of the World Economic Summit in London.
July 24, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with American President Bush During Breakfast on Monday, 15 July 1991, in London Kohl and Bush debate NATO's reform, NATO's forthcoming summit and France's international role as well as economic assistance for the Soviet Union and the relevance of the London World Economic Summit.
June 13, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, Bonn, 13 June 1991, 11:45 am to 12:45 pm Kohl and Mulroney look back into Canada's role as a supporter of German unification. Mulroney highlights the relevance of his personal diplomacy in this endeavor. In addition, they discuss financial aid for the Soviet Union and preparations for the London World Economic Summit.
May 20, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with President George Bush on Monday, 20 May 1991 in the White House Kohl and Bush talk about European security, NATO, the U.S. military presence in Europe and ideas for the establishment of a European pillar in NATO.
February 20, 1991	The Chancellor’s [Helmut Kohl's] Telephone Conversation with U.S. President Bush on 18 February 1991 Kohl and Bush discuss the Gulf War. Kohl reports on his meeting with Iran's Foreign Minister Velayati and his recent telephone conversation with Gorbachev.
October 31, 1990	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Telephone Conversation with Mr. Willy Brandt on Wednesday, 31 October 1990 Brandt agrees to Kohl's request to serve as a mediator and interlocutor for the Iraqi side in an effort to achieve the release of hostages in Iraq.
September 16, 1991	Memorandum of Conversation: Meeting with Helmut Kohl, Chancellor of Germany, September 16, 1991, 1:30-2:30pm This memorandum documents a broader meeting involving senior U.S. and German officials, addressing global challenges and German-American relations. Chancellor Kohl highlighted Germany's domestic recovery post-reunification, acknowledging difficulties in the former East German states and economic adjustments. He praised U.S. leadership in the Middle East peace process and reiterated Germany's refusal to fund Israeli settlements. On Soviet Union matters, Kohl supported aid to stabilize the region but stressed the need for a functioning central government to ensure arms control and economic reforms. He urged a collaborative international response to food aid and debt challenges. Discussions extended to Yugoslavia's disintegration, with concerns about potential civil war and the implications of ethnic and religious divides. Kohl and the U.S. team emphasized cautious engagement to prevent broader European instability. Kohl also highlighted the importance of German-American scientific collaborations and the need to counter Japanese economic influence globally. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
September 16, 1991	Memorandum of Conversation: Meeting with Helmut Kohl, Chancellor of Germany, September 16, 1991, 12:00-1:30pm This memorandum captures a discussion between President George H. W. Bush and German Chancellor Helmut Kohl on September 16, 1991, focusing on international and bilateral relations. Topics include U.S.-Germany academic and cultural exchanges, European political integration, NATO's role, and French-German relations. Chancellor Kohl emphasized the benefits of strong U.S.-Germany cooperation, particularly in promoting NATO within a politically unified Europe. He expressed concern over Japan's economic dominance and Europe's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), advocating for reforms to enhance global trade and support developing nations. Discussions also covered the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, with both leaders stressing the importance of resisting extreme policies to maintain peace prospects. Additionally, Kohl shared insights on internal German challenges post-reunification and SPD (Social Democratic Party) dynamics. The conversation concluded with reflections on broader European politics and leadership transitions in France. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.