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Yeltsin, Boris

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Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

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Date unknown	Memo on the Problem of the Black Sea Fleet In June 1993, the Russian General Staff warned of escalating tensions over the unresolved status of the Black Sea Fleet (ChF), driven by Ukraine's territorial claims over Crimea and control of fleet assets. Disputes over the division of the fleet and its infrastructure, compounded by Ukrainian efforts to assert authority over ChF personnel and facilities, risked destabilizing regional security. The memo advised that Russia should push firmly for joint control of fleet infrastructure and, if necessary, question Crimea's 1954 transfer to Ukraine, while using diplomatic efforts to highlight the risks of ongoing deadlock.
Date unknown	RF MFA Department of Information and Press, 'Concerning Western Assessments of the Position of Ukraine on Nuclear Weapons (Information)' As of April 1993, Western observers expressed growing concern over Ukraine's inconsistent stance on nuclear disarmament, particularly its hesitation to ratify START-1 and join the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). Ukraine's conditional approach to denuclearization was criticized as extortionate, risking strained relations with the West and delaying global disarmament efforts. While some countries supported Ukraine's position, most Western governments urged restraint and flexibility, emphasizing the need for international coordination, while recognizing Russia’s limited options in resolving the issue.
1993	On the Question of the Self-Determination of Crimea Between 1991 and 1993, Crimea's political status became a source of conflict with Ukraine, as Crimean authorities pursued declarations of sovereignty and independence, while Ukraine asserted its territorial integrity. After initial moves toward secession, including plans for an independence referendum and the adoption of a separate constitution, tensions were partially eased when Crimea introduced a constitution acknowledging its status within Ukraine. However, debates over autonomy and governance continued, with further legislative developments pending in 1993.
June 8, 1993	Yu. Babich, 'Concerning the Situation in the Black Sea Fleet (Analytical Note)' By mid-1993, tensions over control of the Black Sea Fleet (ChF) escalated sharply due to Ukrainian attempts to assert authority over the fleet, provoking protests and defections to Russian command, particularly in Sevastopol and Crimea. The crisis stems from the stalled implementation of the 1992 Yalta Agreement, which outlined shared Russian-Ukrainian oversight, while competing national interests and rising nationalist pressures have blocked a clear resolution. With local unrest growing and no firm diplomatic progress, the situation risks further destabilization without an urgent legal and political settlement at the highest levels.
September 19, 2022	Interview with Oliver Meier In this interview, Oliver Meier discusses his career and views on nuclear policy, sharing how his experience spans both peace research and security policy. He emphasizes the enduring power dynamics created by nuclear weapons, which he believes destabilize global politics by increasing divisions and complicating cooperation. Meier advocates for civil society to pressure for nuclear abolition while also pursuing practical risk-reduction steps, given the challenges of immediate disarmament. Looking ahead, he expresses hope for a future where international relations can be organized without nuclear deterrence, although he acknowledges this shift will require significant political, rather than technical, change. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
1971	Table of Contents: 'Papers of the Higher School of the KGB,' Volume 02, Moscow, 1971, 251 pp. The table of contents for volume 2 of Papers of the Higher School of the KGB. The issue is focused on intelligence aspects of World War II, or the "Great Patriotic War."
1986	List of Reports about the Chernobyl Atomic Energy Station Undated list of reports about the Chernobyl Atomic Energy Station, written by or directed to the CPSU Central Committee, from 1979 through 1986.
1974	Table of Contents: 'Papers of the Higher School of the KGB,' Volume 08, Moscow, 1974, 210 pp. The table of contents for volume 8 of Papers of the Higher School of the KGB. Articles relate to the so-called "subversive activities of Zionists".
July 30, 1997	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Conversation with the President of Ukraine, Leonid Kuchma, on the sidelines of the NATO Summit in Madrid on 8 July 1997 Kohl and Kuchma debate plans for the establishment of a permanent German-Ukrainian commission. Kohl emphasizes Ukraine's relevance in terms of European security.
April 23, 1997	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with Russian President Yeltsin on 17 April 1997 in Baden-Baden Kohl and Yeltsin talk about the convocation of regular German-Russian summits including their relevant ministers. They review Yeltsin's meeting with Clinton in Helsinki on NATO enlargmement in March 1997 when Yeltsin gave his consent to the conclusion of a NATO-Russia partnership treaty based on the condition that NATO would not deploy nuclear armaments and permanent conventional forces in its new member states. Kohl points to the long-term perspective and the importance of concluding the NATO-Russia Founding Act.