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Egyptian Pyramids

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Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

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Photograph of Gamal Abdel Nasser

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Anwar Sadat in 1975

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1918 - 1981

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Kofi Annan and Saddam Hussein

Hussein, Saddam

1937 - 2006

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July 6, 1968	Minutes of the Discussions between Cdes. L.I. Brezhnev, A.N. Kosygin, N.V. Podgorny and UAR President Nasser, 6 July 1968 Brezhnev and Nasser discuss the relationship between their two governments and brainstorm ways to sustain Soviet-Egyptian cooperation. Special attention is given to combating Western imperialism and increasing Soviet military aid to Egypt.
July 5, 1968	Minutes of the Discussions of Cdes. L.I. Brezhnev, A.N. Kosygin, and N.V. Podgorny with UAR President Nasser, 5 July 1968 Nasser tells Brezhnev of the difficulties faced in his attempts to unify Arab nations against Israeli threats. Though Nasser expresses his desire for a peaceful settlement with Israel, he makes clear that he will not yield any of Egypt's territory nor negotiate directly with the Israeli government. The two leaders develop a list of provisions to be a basis of a potential settlement that could end the conflict with Israel.
April 20, 1968	Letter, L. Brezhnev to Gamal Abdel Nasser Brezhnev states his satisfaction with the USSR's and India's shared fight against imperialism. He ensures that the USSR is committed to deterring American and Israeli interference throughout the Middle East.
April 19, 1968	Reception of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the UAR, M. Riad, by the General Secretary of the CPSU CC, Cde. L.I. Brezhnev Riad tells Brezhnev about Egypt's attempts to use Arab unity to end recent conflicts with Israel. Riad emphasizes Egypt's aim to stay away from concessions to the Israeli government and stresses the United States's pro-Israel stance.
May 22, 1959	Record of a Conversation between N.S. Khrushchev and UAR ambassador in Moscow M.A Al-Kush In the conversation, N. S. Khrushchev and M. A. al-Kuni discuss tensions between the USSR and the UAR (Egypt), particularly misunderstandings stemming from speeches by President Nasser and Soviet responses. Khrushchev emphasizes the USSR's commitment to aiding the UAR and supporting anti-imperialist struggles while rejecting accusations of spreading Communism intentionally. Al-Kuni conveys Nasser's regret over the escalation of disagreements and his desire to preserve the friendship between the two nations. Both sides acknowledge the challenges posed by regional dynamics and agree on the importance of improving relations for mutual benefit and peace in the Middle East. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
March 20, 1959	Record of Conversation between Cde. N.S. Khrushchev and Mohammed El-Nil, Ambassador of the Republic of Sudan in the USSR Khrushchev discusses the Soviet Union's relationships with both Iraq and the UAR (Egypt), expressing criticism of Nasser's policies and approach to Arab unity. He voices concerns over Nasser’s political stance and the impact of his speeches, highlighting areas where Soviet and Egyptian interests diverge. Additionally, Khrushchev thanks the Sudanese Ambassador for his service as he steps down from his position.
July 3, 1959	Record of Conversation between Comrade N.S. Khrushchev and Comrade Ho Chi Minh Ho Chi Minh informs Khrushchev about relations between Vietnam and Laos, and Khrushchev briefs Ho Chi Minh on Soviet relations with the UAR and Iraq. Khrushchev expresses support for Nasser. They also discuss the success of the USSR's seven-year plan and DRV's upcoming five year plan.
April 30, 1958	Transcript of the Negotiations between the Soviet Leadership and the Leadership of the UAR The two sides first discuss the aggression of the USA, England, and France towards the Arab nations over natural resources. The two sides then discuss bilateral relations and affairs in the Middle East.
October 3, 1990	Cable No. 1825 from Ambassador Yamada Chusei (Egypt) to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, 'Iraq’s Invasion of Kuwait (Prime Minister Sedky’s Unofficial Comments)' Japanese Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Owada Hisashi discusses the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait at a dinner party with Egyptian Prime Minister Atef Sedky. During the conversation, Sedky proposes increased sanctions against Iraq in lieu of a military response, while Owada questions the impact of such action.
October 4, 1990	Cable No. 1837 from Ambassador Yamada Chusei (Egypt) to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, 'The Prime Minister’s Visit to Egypt (Conversation in Car)' Summary of Japanese Prime Minister Kaifu's conversation with Egyptian Minister of Cabinet Affairs Atef Ebeid. The brief chat included Ebeid's proposal of a desert greening project and Egypt's existing projects with Germany and the Netherlands.