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Photograph of the Port of Jaffa in Israel.

Middle East

Israel

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Egyptian Pyramids

Northern Africa

Egypt

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Middle East

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Photograph of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem.

Middle East

Palestine

Group photo from the Arms Control and Regional Security Working Group Operational Basket Meeting, Antalya, Turkey, April 4-6, 1995.

ACRS Oral History Project

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James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS)

1989 -

A photo of Henry Kissinger from 1975

Kissinger, Henry

1923 -

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Fahmy, Nabil‏

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Yom Kippur War, 1973

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Pomper, Miles

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Kofi Annan and Saddam Hussein

Hussein, Saddam

1937 - 2006

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Notte, Hanna

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The Six-Day War (1967)

Helmut Kohl addresses the United Nations, June 1997.

Helmut Kohl Transcripts

Saddam on the Phone in 1988

The Saddam Files

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March 30, 1980	From an interview with the President of the SI, Brandt, for the French newspaper Le Nouvel Observateur 30 March 1980 Willy Brandt's interview for the French newspaper on Camp David and recognition of the new Jewish state.
April 22, 1980	Minutes of Conversation between Todor Zhivkov and Hafez Al-Assad, Damascus The two leaders talk about recent developments in the Middle East, US-Arab relations, and Soviet support for Arab regimes.
September 15, 1988	Note of a Meeting between the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the SED and Chairman, Comrade Erich Honecker, and the Chairman of the Executive Committee of the PLO, Yasser Arafat, on 15 September 1988 Arafat reports that the First Intifada, which began ten months earlier, has strengthened the PLO. He describes the PLO’s plans going forward and their anticipated impact on Israel. Honecker expresses East Germany’s steadfast support for the PLO and talks about potential progress towards peace on the international stage.
June 28, 1957	Transcript of a CC CPSU Plenum, Evening The CPSU politburo discusses the effects of Molotov's foreign policy on Soviet influence in the Middle East. Molotov is accused of being adventurous, leading to a loss in prestige for the Soviet Union when imperialist powers forced Egypt to withdraw from the Suez Crisis.
June 20, 1967	On Soviet Policy following the Israeli Aggression in the Middle East East German Document describing the speech by Soviet Leader Leonid Brezhnev to the Plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CC CPSU) on the actions undertaken by the Soviet leadership before and during the 1967 Arab-Israeli war. Brezhnev tells the CC CPSU plenum that the Arab struggle in the Middle East has both a class struggle and a national liberation dimension. Brezhnev blames Israeli aggression for the start of the war and Arab blunders and low morale for the humiliating defeat of the UAR forces. Given the success of the Israeli Defense Forces, the Soviets were forced to consider diplomatic and political methods for saving the Arab leadership. When Israeli forces did not stop their aggression against Syria, threatening to overrun the Syrian capital of Damascus, Brezhnev claims tells the CC CPSU that Soviet leadership warned the Americans that the Soviet Army would have to intervene and, at the same time, threatened the Israeli that any further actions would result in Soviet involvement in the war. Brezhnev claims that, since the war ended just hours after the Soviets had made their threats, the imperialist powers acquiesced to Soviet demands. This German translation of Brezhnev's speech was circulated to the SED leadership.
October 2, 1958	T. Zhivkov’s Report at the Bulgarian Plenary Session on the Middle East Crisis A report based on military intelligence information and on Zhivkov's conversation with the Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev.
June 14, 1967	T. Zhivkov’s Report at the Bulgarian Plenary Meeting on the Middle East Zhivkov presents the BCP position on the Six-Day War.
December 15, 1988	Memorandum of a Conversation between Erich Honecker and Yasser Arafat in Berlin The conversation focuses on the PLO's recent attempts to reach an agreement concerning the conflict in the Middle East. Arafat informs Honecker about his efforts to gain support for his initiative from the US and other countries.
April 22, 1980	Minutes of Conversation between Todor Zhivkov and Yasser Arafat, Damascus The two leaders discuss the situation in the Middle East, and the role of the superpowers - the US and the Soviet Union.
January 4, 1968	Report by the Bulgarian Foreign Minister on the Ministerial Meeting in Warsaw on the Situation in the Middle East, 19-21 December 1967 Ivan Bashev presents a report on the CPSU-organized meeting in Warsaw, where Eastern European government officials exchanged views on the situation in the Middle East. Among the discussed topics were the Arab-Israeli conflict, the Yemeni Civil War, and recent developments in Iraq.