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Intelligence Operations in the Cold War

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

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Eastern Europe

Bulgaria

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Eastern Europe

The Palace of the Republic (Palast der Republik) in Berlin

Eastern Europe

East Germany

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Soviet Union. Committee for State Security (KGB)

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Project RYaN

Jan Nowak-Jeziorański broadcasting for Radio Free Europe, 3 May 1952

Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty

Todor Zhivkov Collection

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Mitrokhin, Vasili

1922 - 2004

Mitrokhin Archive

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Kalatozov, Mikhail

1903 - 1973

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Germany (East). Ministry for State Security (Stasi)

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Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich

1914 - 1984

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Bulgaria. Ministry of Internal Affairs

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Truman with Attlee and Stalin at Potsdam

Cold War Origins

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June 19, 1953	Minutes of Discussion at the 150th Meeting of the National Security Council, 18 June 1953 The US National Security Council discusses recent release of prisoners of war in South Korea. The riots and disturbances in East Germany and Czechoslovakia are discussed in the context of the general “softening” of Soviet policy. The Council also discusses the possibility of a four-power meeting, and other alternative courses of action.
March 11, 1953	Memorandum of Discussion at the 136th Meeting of the National Security Council The US National Security Council discusses the effect that Stalin’s death had on Soviet policy and on Communist Parties outside of the USSR, as well as the opportunity it provided the US to use Stalin’s death in a psychological strategy to influence the Soviets. The Council also discusses the possibility of negotiations for a settlement with the Soviets in Korea.
October 2, 1944	Letter from Boris Merkulov (USSR People’s Commissar for State Security) to Lavrenty Beria (USSR People’s Commissar for Internal Affairs) Letter from Merkulov to Beria regarding the KGB’s efforts to obtain information about the creation of the atomic bomb and specifically about the related problems with uranium
September 8, 1979	Bulgarian Intelligence Analysis of US-Greek Relations A report on the state of bilateral relations with emphasis on military co-operation and the US mediation of the Greco-Turkish disputes.
November 14, 1984	Protocol resulting from discussions between the Interior Ministry of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic and the KGB of the Soviet Union Both parties discuss the detection of and preparation for a surprise nuclear rocket attack by the USA on socialist countries, the intentions of the main hostile countries- the USA, other NATO countries, the People’s Republic of China- and cooperation to fight ideological diversion from hostile countries and emigrant populations. The two also agree to economic, tourism and cultural exchanges.
February 10, 1972	Protocol on cooperation and joint action between the Soviet KGB and border guards and border troops of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic regarding the inhibition of terroristic and hostile actions in international aviation The parties agree to exchange information regarding the assurance of safety in civil aviation and the prevention of terrorist and other hostile acts. Plans are laid to coordinate steps for ensuring safety in airports in the Soviet Union and the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic that are open for international flights and for flights between the two countries. All parties agree to exchange information on international, scientific and technical themes which interest the parties and raise the safety level of civil aviation transport.
October 25, 1985	Cooperative plan between the Interior Ministry of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic and the Soviet KGB for the summer of 1986-1990 This agreement acknowledges the alleged use of post as a method used by subversives to act against the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic and the Soviet Union. Both parties agree to exchange information after evaluating the effectiveness of their work in this area and plan to prolong the existing cooperative agreement.
April 26, 1949	Secret Daily Information Bulletin for the Prime Minister Georgi Dimitrov, communicated from Sofia to Moscow The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of the Internal Affairs create an informational bulletin on the domestic political developments.
November 28, 1945	Beria’s Cover Memo to Stalin on Niels Bohr Memo to Stalin discussing Beria’s efforts to obtain information from physicist Niels Bohr about development of the atomic bomb.
December 1945	Kurchatov’s Evaluation of Niels Bohr's Questioning Evaluation by the scientific director of the Soviet nuclear project, Igor Kurchatov, of the interview with Niels Bohr.