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Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

The Taj Mahal Shrine in Agra, India.

South Asia

India

Indian Nuclear History

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Southern Africa

South Africa

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

South African Nuclear History

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South America

Brazil

Brazilian Nuclear History

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Western Europe

France

Soviet Nuclear History

Nuclear Proliferation

Origins of Brazil-Argentina Nuclear Cooperation

Indira Gandhi, 1982

Gandhi, Indira

1917 - 1984

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United States. Department of State

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Soviet Union. Communist Party. Central Committee (CPSU CC). Politburo

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Michal Onderco

Onderco, Michal

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Deutsche Kraftwerksunion (KWU)

1969 -

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Bhabha, Homi Jehangir

1909 - 1966

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May 1993	Africa and Nuclear Non-Proliferation: Some Reflections of the Rapporteur Summarizes the conference in Harare, Zimbabwe and poses questions on the future of nuclear energy in African countries and the role of African nations the international Nuclear game.
January 27, 1987	Letter, Ben Sanders to Mohamed Shaker Request to Mohamed Shaker, Egyptian Ambassador to Austria, to participate in the PPNN now that funding has been secured.
October 16, 1969	Disarmament Office, United Nations Bureau, Japanese Foreign Ministry, 'How Our Claim was Incorporated into the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty The Japanese Foreign Ministry outlines areas of where Japan's views and positions are evident in the final text of the NPT, including the sections on disarmament, the security of non-nuclear weapon states, the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and procedural issues.
May 27, 1968	Memo of the CPSU CC Regarding the Account of Proposed Amendments to the NPT by Non-Nuclear States by the Soviet Delegation to the UN This memo discusses several amendments proposed by various non-nuclear countries during the First Committee of the UNGA, and the Soviet delegation's amenability to adding amendments and clarifications to the NPT so long as the essence of the Treaty is not altered or undermined. Some of the topics of the proposed amendments include the strengthening of sharing nuclear technology and research on nuclear energy and other peaceful uses of the atom and international observation as it pertains to peaceful nuclear explosions. Attention is also paid to when further negotiations on peaceful nuclear explosions will take place, relaying the difference in Soviet and American opinions on what the optimal timing of those negotiations would be but, ultimately, the Soviet government's desire, first and foremost, to have the NPT go into effect as soon as possible.
1968	'Agreement Between the Government of [Nation] and the International Atomic Energy Agency about the Application of Safeguards in Accordance with the NPT' This agreement details the responsibilities of governments party to the NPT and the IAEA in accordance with the Treaty, including transparent and prompt notifications to the IAEA about any nuclear materials, facilities, and transfers of nuclear materials within a state's territory. Transparency about nuclear materials is reciprocal, with the NPT obligating the IAEA to send an inventory list to the governments every 12 months or upon request. Additionally, this document details safeguard procedures, including IAEA inspections (and the responsibility of governments to provide inspectors with the necessary visas). This document also states that the present agreement will be in force indefinitely, and a state can cease to abide by its terms if it ceases to be a participant in the NPT per Article X on the right of states to withdraw.
1968	Politburo of the CPSU CC, 'On the Draft Model Agreement of Non-Nuclear States with the IAEA [International Atomic Energy Agency] in Accordance with the NPT' This document references the draft model agreement of non-nuclear weapons states, instructing both the Soviet MFA and the Ministry of Medium Machine Building (which supervised the Soviet nuclear industry) to conduct negotiations with the US to solidify this agreement. After negotiating with the Americans, they are instructed to make sure that the project is approved by the IAEA Board of Governors and inform socialist UN member states and the GDR about the Soviet position on the NPT.
November 22, 2019	Leonard Weiss, 'My Involvement with the 1979 Vela Satellite (6911) Event' Statement made by Leonard Weiss about his memories of the 1979 VELA Incident.
November 8, 2019	The VELA Incident: A Statement Written by Dr. Alan Berman A statement written by Dr. Alan Berman about the 1979 VELA Incident.
September 18, 1947	Text of Speech Delivered by A.Y. Vyshinsky at the General Assembly of the United Nations, September 18, 1947 The Soviet Union's response to George Marshall's September 17, 1947, speech at the UNGA. Vyshinsky offers the Soviet Union's position on arms control, nuclear weapons, the UN, Korea, Greece, and other issues raised by Marshall
September 17, 1947	George C. Marshall, 'A Program for a More Effective United Nations: Address by the Chief of the U.S. Delegation to the General Assembly' Marshall speaks about Greece, Palestine, and Korea, as well as the international control of atomic energy and the role and structure of the United Nations.

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Gandhi, Indira 21

United States. Department of State 17

Soviet Union. Communist Party. Central Committee (CPSU CC). Politburo 13

Onderco, Michal 12

Deutsche Kraftwerksunion (KWU) 11

United States 169

South Africa 95

Soviet Union 94

Indian Nuclear History 104

South African Nuclear History 92

Brazilian Nuclear History 79

Soviet Nuclear History 50

Nuclear Proliferation 40