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Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Western Europe

Italy

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

North Atlantic Council Meeting, Lisbon, June 1985

Archivio Andreotti's NATO Series

Trade agreement between European Economic Community and China

China-Europe Relations

Uyghur man in Xinjiang

China

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

The Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2012.

Southeast Asia

Vietnam

Sino-Soviet Relations

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

Zhao Ziyang on a tour of East Germany in June 1987.

China-Eastern Europe Relations

Photograph fo Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Beijing

China. Foreign Ministry

1949 -

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Italy. Ministry of Foreign Affairs

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Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898 - 1976

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893 - 1976

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879 - 1953

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Italy. Ministry of Defense

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January 3, 1963	Report by Permanent Representative to NATO Alessandrini to Minister of Defense Andreotti This report addresses the failure of NATO to meet the agreed-upon threshold for conventional weapons buildup.
1963	Report, 'Point 2. NATO situation' Discussion of the relative roles of the United States, Great Britain, Germany and France in NATO and a proposal to revise the role of NATO as the threat of a Soviet attack increases.
December 4, 1962	Report by Permanent Representative to NATO Alessandrini to Minister of Defense Andreotti Italy's permanent representative to NATO Alessandrini writes to PM Andreotti in preparation for the upcoming Paris summit. He shares general remarks about the state of the alliance and current issues in international relations focusing on the German question, Cuba, and Sino-Soviet relations.
May 19, 1962	Memorandum by Chief of Defense Staff Aldo Ross to Minister of Defense Andreotti Discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of accepting the terms of nuclear warfare proposed at a NATO meeting in Athens. Whether or not to respond to a Soviet nuclear attack with an atomic weapon of equal strength was debated at the meeting, as well as the role that conventional weapons would play in such a conflict.
September 20, 1962	Report by Permanent Representative to NATO Alessandrini, 'Emergency plans for Berlin' Report on NATO’s emergency plan to protect Berlin if the Soviets try to blockade the city. The plan consists of three parts: diplomatic negotiations, limited military action, and large-scale military action. Alessandrini outlines the conditions in which each phase would be implemented if Berlin finds itself under Soviet attack.
October 17, 1961	Report by Chief of Defense Staff Aldo Rossi, 'The military situation of the armed forces of the Soviet bloc and of its alleged allies and those of NATO countries and their allies' A report on the discussions which occurred at a meeting of the Atlantic Council, during which the relative military powers of the Soviet Block and Western Block were compared. The different positions and threats posed to various NATO nations were also discussed. Finally, the report laid out plans for nuclear, submarine, and aerial weapons development to ensure that the Soviet Block’s military power never exceeds that of the Western block.
December 18, 1961	Message by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Directorate General for Political Affairs and Security (DGAP), 'Alessandrini's (RICA) report to MAE Segni' Report on the growing threat of a Soviet blockade of Berlin, the focal point also of a meeting of the Atlantic Council in Paris in December, 1961.
May 1, 1961	Note, 'US strategic orientations; consequences on NATO strategy' The document presents the argument that nuclear weapons can and should be employed even in cases where they are not absolutely necessary because the cost of developing and maintaining conventional weapons is too high. Therefore, NATO should consider raising its ‘nuclear threshold’ to allow more atomic weapons to be developed in Europe and in the United States.
May 1, 1961	Memorandum by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 'Procedure for the decision to use nuclear weapons' In the use of nuclear weapons for a purpose other than response to an attack, NATO members must reach a majority agreement rather than a unanimous vote. Furthermore, this majority vote must include the United States.
May 1, 1961	Memorandum by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 'Political consultation' This letter outlines the problems NATO faces as relations between member and non-member countries are complicated by conflicting interests. Not only is NATO struggling externally to play the field between free and communist countries in forming its alliances, but also internally to reconcile the different objectives of imperialist and non-imperialist countries and form a cohesive defense strategy.

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China. Foreign Ministry 114

Italy. Ministry of Foreign Affairs 82

Stalin, Joseph 39

Soviet Union 396

United States 213

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 181

Archivio Andreotti's NATO Series 197

China-Europe Relations 188

Sino-Soviet Relations 171

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984 118

China-Eastern Europe Relations 117