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Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Western Europe

Italy

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

North Atlantic Council Meeting, Lisbon, June 1985

Archivio Andreotti's NATO Series

Trade agreement between European Economic Community and China

China-Europe Relations

Uyghur man in Xinjiang

China

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

The Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2012.

Southeast Asia

Vietnam

Sino-Soviet Relations

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

Zhao Ziyang on a tour of East Germany in June 1987.

China-Eastern Europe Relations

Photograph fo Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Beijing

China. Foreign Ministry

1949 -

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Italy. Ministry of Foreign Affairs

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Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898 - 1976

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893 - 1976

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879 - 1953

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Italy. Ministry of Defense

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Documents

June 14, 1961	Report by Permanent Representative to NATO Alessandrini to Minister of Foreign Affairs Segni Alessandrini writes regarding the Minister Of Foreign Affairs speech on the problems of NATO's military, including its nuclear strategy. Despite the assurances of the United States, Europeans fear of having to fight conventional Soviet forces.
May 15, 1961	Telegram by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Directorate General for Political Affairs and Security (DGAP) to Minister of Defense, 'Opinion sharing between Brosio-Acheson on NATO nuclear weaponry ' This document is related to Brosi's discussion with Acherson on NATO nuclear weaponry and strategy. Brosio underlines how the American nuclear strategy is rejected by European countries. Most of them are skeptical and take distance from Americans' willingness to use nuclear weapon against their enemies. In this sense, Acherson as representative of the American government, is ready to discuss the topic at a multilateral level.
December 21, 1960	Report by the Minister of Foreign Affairs Antonio Segni to the Minister of Defense, Paris meeting of the Atlantic Council This report describes the development and outcomes of discussions at the Atlantic Council, Paris meeting. Topics: contrasts between two different tendencies : extensive vision of NATO power (supported by Italy, Germany, Canada and others) and the restrictive vision of NATO (sponsored by USA, France and UK); colonies; economic development; increasing Soviet threat.
October 29, 1960	Ten-Year Strategy Report by the General Staff of Defense (SMD) on Military problems of NATO to Minister of Defense Andreotti This ten-year strategy report created by the SMD is about perspectives and problems that NATO should face in developing a military strategy. Topics: French nuclear strategy; NATO tactical and strategic nuclear weapons; the relevance of conventional weapons; possible improvement in the decision to use nuclear weapons; nuclear cooperation and integration in NATO countries.
May 28, 1960	Report to the Minister of Defense Andreotti on the Trilateral Military Agreement Report on the Trilateral Military Agreement that Italy signed with Germany, France and England in 1957. Defense Ministers from those countries decided to increase military cooperation. This report to the Italian Defense Minister Andreotti is about the outcomes of the alliance in the ballistic sector.The document describes all new weapons developed and new aircrafts projects on the floor.
June 27, 1973	Telegram by Ambassador in Brussels Pignatti to Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 'Soviet-American agreement on preventing nuclear war' Summarizes the first comments from Min. Foreign Affairs on the agreement Soviet-American for the Prevention of Nuclear War. It is said that the philosophy of this agreement appears to have contradictions with regard to the classic strategy of NATO and diminish the credibility of the latter. Conceptions NATO military will have to be updated in light of recent agreements and ongoing trends around the Russian-American bipolarity. Just because you are at a "secondary" compared to the two supergrandi, Europeans should take the opportunity arising from this new trend to seriously address the issue of their defense. The prospect more desirable at this stage is an acceleration of proesso European unification, including the appearance of its "independent" defense.
January 20, 1951	Report from P. F. Yudin to I. V. Stalin on Meetings with the Leaders of the Communist Party of China, including Mao Zedong on 31 December 1950 Yudin recounts his meetings with Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, and Zhou Enlai. In three meetings, Yudin learned more about China's relations with other communist parties in Asia, economic conditions in China, and developments in the Korean War.
July 14, 1989	Letter to Cde. Erich Honecker from Cde. Schabowski on a Meeting with Jiang Zemin Jiang Zemin describes the Tian'anmen Square Incident, stating that the "counterrevolutionary revolt had deep roots" and that the People's Liberation Army suffered casualties during the protests.
April 6, 1989	Note about the Meeting between Hu Qili and Herbert Naumann Hu Qili describes ongoing economic reforms in China. As for political reform, Hu indicates that China wants "to further unfold socialist democracy and perfect the judicial system."
October 18, 1988	Note about a Meeting between Erich Honecker and Qiao Shi Erich Honecker and Qiao Shi discuss economic and political reform in China, attempts to foster Sino-Soviet rapprochement, and East German and Chinese attitudes toward chemical and nuclear weapons.

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China. Foreign Ministry 114

Italy. Ministry of Foreign Affairs 82

Stalin, Joseph 39

Soviet Union 396

United States 213

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 181

Archivio Andreotti's NATO Series 197

China-Europe Relations 188

Sino-Soviet Relations 171

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984 118

China-Eastern Europe Relations 117