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Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

The Taj Mahal Shrine in Agra, India.

South Asia

India

Indian Nuclear History

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Western Europe

Italy

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Southern Africa

South Africa

Nuclear Proliferation

Photograph of the Port of Jaffa in Israel.

Middle East

Israel

South African Nuclear History

North Atlantic Council Meeting, Lisbon, June 1985

Archivio Andreotti's NATO Series

Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)

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Programme for Promoting Nuclear Non-Proliferation (PPNN)

1986 -

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Italy. Ministry of Foreign Affairs

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United States. Department of State

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Sanders, Ben

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Soviet Union. Communist Party. Central Committee (CPSU CC). Politburo

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Indira Gandhi, 1982

Gandhi, Indira

1917 - 1984

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Documents

December 31, 1965	India Department of Atomic Energy, Notification of Appointment of New Members of the Atomic Energy Commission Details about the appointment of new members to the Indian Atomic Energy Commission.
November 19, 1966	India Department of Atomic Energy, 'Cooperation with USA in the Development of Atomic Energy for Peaceful Purposes' Packet of material prepared by the Department of Atomic Energy regarding research cooperation with the United States. Includes a letter from Glenn Seaborg, Chairman of the United States Atomic Energy Commission, a letter from Myron B. Kratzer, of the Division of International Affairs, and a draft of the research agreement.
August 13, 1964	India Department of Atomic Energy, Minutes of a Meeting Held August 1, 1964 Regarding the Fourth Five Year Plan Requirements Minutes from a meeting headed by Homi Bhabha regarding research and development requirements for atomic energy for the department's Fourth Five Year Plan. Includes the budget and research topics for various divisions of nuclear research.
April 30, 1968	India Department of Atomic Energy, Press Release, 'India and the USSR Sign Protocol for Collaboration in the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy. A press release from the Indian Department of Atomic Energy announcing that the Soviet Union would be sending a delegation of scientists to India and summarizes the history of nuclear assistance from the Soviet Union.
March 12, 1966	Speech by Professor M. G. K. Menon, Sheriff's Meeting in Memory of Dr. Homi J. Bhabha at University Gardens, Bombay Speaking at an event to honor the memory of Homi Bhabha, Professor Menon speaks about his influence on nuclear energy development in India and the creation of the Tata Institute for Fundamental Research.
February 21, 1985	Memorandum, Information for the President of Brazil, No. 011/85 from the National Security Council, Structure of the Parallel Nuclear Program This top-secret document describes the secret parallel nuclear—or autonomous—program. The program resulted from the common effort of the three Branches of the Armed Forces—the Army, Navy and Air Force, plus CNEN and IPEN—under the coordination of the National Security Council. The objective was “to develop national competence to create conditions for wide-ranging use of nuclear energy, including naval propulsion and the production of nuclear explosives for peaceful purposes.
June 18, 1979	Notice No. 135/79 from the General Secretariat of the Brazilian National Security Council In 1978 the National Security Council identified the most important shortcoming of nuclear cooperation with Germany: the non-transfer of technology for the production of uranium hexafluoride (UF6). The lack of this crucial phase for the production of nuclear fuel led Brazil to decide to develop this method by national means, in view of the unwillingness of France and Great Britain to export said technology without a full scope of safeguards. The document reports how the government decided to create an autonomous nuclear project with regard to cooperation with Germany and free from the international safeguards regime. Coordinated by CNEN and implemented by the Institute of Energy and Nuclear Research (IPEN), this project represented the first phase of the “parallel” nuclear program whose objective was the autonomous mastery of the nuclear cycle.
August 13, 1974	Memorandum, Information for the President of Brazil, No. 055/74 from the National Security Council Outline of the government of Brazil’s decision to acquire all phases of the cycle of production of nuclear fuel through cooperation with a foreign government, in this case the Federal Republic of Germany. Reference is made to the need to develop uranium enrichment technology in accordance with the 1967 nuclear policy, which had not yet been implemented.
October 4, 1967	Minutes of the Fortieth Session of the Brazilian National Security Council Guidelines for the Brazilian nuclear policy in Costa e Silva’s government (1967-1969) and defines the diplomatic attitude of Brazil regarding the negotiations of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). During the meeting of the National Security Council, participants agreed on the need to cooperate with another country to start a national nuclear program. On the NPT negotiations, the members of the National Security Council agreed to establish a condition to adhere to the Treaty: the defense of the right to develop peaceful nuclear explosions. Several ministers defended the possibility of using nuclear energy in the future for international security reasons.
August 30, 1956	Minutes of the Twentieth Session of the Brazilian National Security Council, Second Brazilian Nuclear Plan At this meeting the National Security Council decided to reform the Brazilian nuclear sector by placing it under the direction of CNEN (National Nuclear Energy Commission). The CSN suggested young technicians and academics should be instructed abroad in order to stimulate the development of professionals in that field. One of the objectives of the nuclear policy was the production of nuclear fuel from domestically-sourced minerals. The Brazilian government criticized the monopoly on nuclear fuel by the big powers.

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Programme for Promoting Nuclear Non-Proliferation (PPNN) 95

Italy. Ministry of Foreign Affairs 83

United States. Department of State 68

Sanders, Ben 65

Soviet Union. Communist Party. Central Committee (CPSU CC). Politburo 42

United States 688

Soviet Union 477

South Africa 223

Indian Nuclear History 309

Nuclear Proliferation 221

South African Nuclear History 202

Archivio Andreotti's NATO Series 199

Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) 178