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Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

The Taj Mahal Shrine in Agra, India.

South Asia

India

Indian Nuclear History

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Western Europe

Italy

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Southern Africa

South Africa

Nuclear Proliferation

Photograph of the Port of Jaffa in Israel.

Middle East

Israel

South African Nuclear History

North Atlantic Council Meeting, Lisbon, June 1985

Archivio Andreotti's NATO Series

Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)

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Programme for Promoting Nuclear Non-Proliferation (PPNN)

1986 -

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Italy. Ministry of Foreign Affairs

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United States. Department of State

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Sanders, Ben

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Soviet Union. Communist Party. Central Committee (CPSU CC). Politburo

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Indira Gandhi, 1982

Gandhi, Indira

1917 - 1984

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April 28, 1960	South African Report, 'Union-United States Cooperation in Nuclear Field: Financial Assistance' A summary of an exchange of telegrams between the US Embassy in South Africa and the US Legation in Vienna discussing the US position on any formal request by the Union of South Africa for nuclear materials.
April 28, 1960	Letter, South African Ambassador to the United States, 'Enriched Uranium and Plutonium from the US Atomic Energy Commission' Letter from the Ambassador to the United States discussing problems with a prior South African request for nuclear material from the Atomic Energy Commission.
November 17, 1989	Letter, Richard Carter to Herbert Beukes Richard Carter writes to the US Ambassador to South Africa proposing that South Africa "come clean" about its nuclear program.
October 21, 1964	National Intelligence Estimate NIE 4-2-64, 'Prospects for a Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Over the Next Decade' This US analysis of the likelihood of nuclear proliferation during the next decade was finished only days after the first Chinese nuclear test on 16 October. The report analyses the implications of this test, as well as programs in India, Israel, Sweden, West Germany, Italy, Japan, Canada, and others. The National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) argued that India was the only new state likely to develop nuclear weapons, concluding that “there will not be a widespread proliferation …over the next decade.”
April 23, 1964	Letter from Thomas Hughes, Director, Office of Intelligence and Research, Department of State, to Director of Central Intelligence John McCone Noting new intelligence information on the Indian and Israeli nuclear programs, as well as the possibility of developments concerning Sweden, Hughes requested McCone to initiate a new estimate of nuclear proliferation trends, which would eventually become part of a October 1964 National Intelligence Estimate (NIE). Hughes enclosed draft “terms of reference,” that included questions about the possibility of “clandestine” weapons programs and new technological developments that could make weapons development “easier” (perhaps a reference to gas centrifuge technology that the 1964 NIE would discuss).
June 23, 1963	National Intelligence Estimate NIE 4-63, 'Likelihood and Consequences of a Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Systems' This NIE comes to the general conclusions that “there will not be a widespread proliferation of nuclear weapons over the next 10 years” and discusses programs in various countries (Israel, China, Sweden, India, West Germany, Japan, etc.) This copy includes newly declassified references to the Israeli nuclear weapons program, including the conclusion that “the Israelis, unless deterred by outside pressure, will attempt to produce a nuclear weapon some time in the next several years.”
May 31, 1983	Meeting Minutes of the Politburo of the CC CPSU, Regarding Western Plans for Deployment of New Nuclear Weapons in Europe Politburo discussion, presided over by Andropov, on how to respond to the Western decision to deploy new nuclear weapons in Europe.
November 15, 1962	Danish Defense Intelligence Service Weekly Brief (Excerpts) This weekly report from the Danish Defense Intelligence Service provides an account of the important events/activities from the past week listed by each day. It also includes the following summary: "Since the Soviet Union and the United States at the current moment have reached on an agreement about the inspection of the transports to Cuba, two issues are left unsolved, that is, the issue of an inspection on Cuba itself and the removal of the IL-28 planes. With regards to the inspection on Cuban territory, it seems like the negotiation efforts of Mikoyan have been in vain. And as for the removal of the Soviet planes, Moscow has expressed itself very negatively, since the planes now are regarded as Cuban property."
November 23, 1965	Glenn Seaborg, Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission, to National Security Adviser McGeorge, Bundy, enclosing summary of 'Nth Country Evaluation' Summary of Union Carbide’s 1964 study on gas centrifuge technology’s effect on nuclear proliferation. The summary provides Union Carbide’s estimations for how long countries of varying industrial capability would take to develop a nuclear weapon, which was redacted in the original document.
March 4, 1964	S. A. Levin, L.R. Powers, and E. Von Halle, Union Carbide Corporation Nuclear Division, 'Nth Power Evaluation' Union Carbide Nuclear Company updates their previous study on the ease with which other nations could secretly create nuclear weapon facilities using the gas centrifuge.

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Programme for Promoting Nuclear Non-Proliferation (PPNN) 95

Italy. Ministry of Foreign Affairs 83

United States. Department of State 68

Sanders, Ben 65

Soviet Union. Communist Party. Central Committee (CPSU CC). Politburo 42

United States 688

Soviet Union 477

South Africa 223

Indian Nuclear History 309

Nuclear Proliferation 221

South African Nuclear History 202

Archivio Andreotti's NATO Series 199

Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) 178