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Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

The Taj Mahal Shrine in Agra, India.

South Asia

India

Indian Nuclear History

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Western Europe

Italy

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Southern Africa

South Africa

Nuclear Proliferation

Photograph of the Port of Jaffa in Israel.

Middle East

Israel

South African Nuclear History

North Atlantic Council Meeting, Lisbon, June 1985

Archivio Andreotti's NATO Series

Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)

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Programme for Promoting Nuclear Non-Proliferation (PPNN)

1986 -

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Italy. Ministry of Foreign Affairs

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United States. Department of State

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Sanders, Ben

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Soviet Union. Communist Party. Central Committee (CPSU CC). Politburo

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Indira Gandhi, 1982

Gandhi, Indira

1917 - 1984

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June 2, 1976	Reply, French Minister of Foreign Affairs, 'Sale of Two Nuclear Plants to South Africa' French Minister of Foreign Affairs, Jean Sauvagnargues, responds to an inquiry from the National Assembly regarding France's sale of two pressurized-water reactors to South Africa.
June 30, 1975	Meeting Minutes Regarding ISSA (Israel-South Africa Agreement) Minutes from the third ISSA meeting between representatives of the Israeli and South African governments, including Minsters Botha and Peres. Missile delivery systems and other military equipment are discussed.
April 3, 1975	Israel-South Africa Agreement (ISSA) Agreement between the South African and Israeli Ministers of Defense that outlines the two nations’ cooperation on nuclear issues.
March 1975	Memorandum, Lt-General Raymond Fullarton Armstrong, US Department of Defense, Israel-South Africa A memorandum written by Chief of the Defense Staff Lt-General Raymond Fullarton Armstrong describes South Africa's nuclear weapons systems needs and outlines the rationale for having a nuclear deterrent.
November 19, 1971	South African Nuclear Fuel Agreement U.S. State Department memorandum weighing the arguments for and against renewing the agreement to sell uranium enrichment services to South Africa. The political fallout from engaging with the South African apartheid regime coupled with the fact that they had not signed the NPT were closely considered.
July 20, 1970	South African Department of Foreign Affairs, Announcement by South African Prime Minister Vorster Announcement by South African Prime Minister Vorster outlines the country’s approach to marketing and selling enriched uranium. He describes a unique process by which South African scientists can create a highly enriched “uranium concentrate.”
May 1967	South African Department of Foreign Affairs, 'Items of Interest in the Field of Atomic Energy' Summary of the communication between South African and American policymakers regarding the renewal of the Atomic Energy Cooperation Agreement. The renewal of the previous agreement was contingent on South Africa reforming its safeguards policy and modeling them after the Canadian and US policies.
March 18, 1967	South African Department of Foreign Affairs, 'Nuclear Proliferation Problem' Summary of the United States-South Africa Atomic Energy Bilateral. South Africa's sale of source material to France was the subject of some disagreement between the two parties, with the Americans worried that sale of this material would be in violation of the non-proliferation treaty.
June 17, 1993	Interview with André Finkelstein by Avner Cohen Transcript of Avner Cohen's 1993 interview with André Finkelstein. Finkelstein, deputy director of the IAEA and a ranking official within the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), discusses Franco-Israeli nuclear technology exchange and collaboration in this 1993 interview.
June 15, 1993	Interview with Bertrand Goldschmidt by Avner Cohen Transcript of Avner Cohen's 1993 interview with Dr. Bertrand Goldschmidt. Goldschmidt was a leading French nuclear scientist who helped develop the PUREX plutonium extraction technique. In this interview, Goldschmidt explains the background of the French role in constructing the Dimona nuclear facility.

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Programme for Promoting Nuclear Non-Proliferation (PPNN) 95

Italy. Ministry of Foreign Affairs 83

United States. Department of State 68

Sanders, Ben 65

Soviet Union. Communist Party. Central Committee (CPSU CC). Politburo 42

United States 688

Soviet Union 477

South Africa 223

Indian Nuclear History 309

Nuclear Proliferation 221

South African Nuclear History 202

Archivio Andreotti's NATO Series 199

Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) 178