Search | Wilson Center Digital Archive

Switch to Visualization

Carnegie Corporation of New York (CCNY) Plutonium Clear All

Related Resources

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Placeholder image for when a places image is not available

Western Europe

France

Nuclear Proliferation

The Taj Mahal Shrine in Agra, India.

South Asia

India

Photograph of the Port of Jaffa in Israel.

Middle East

Israel

Placeholder image for when a places image is not available

South Asia

Pakistan

Indian Nuclear History

Pakistani Nuclear History

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

-

Placeholder image for when a places image is not available

North America

Canada

Israeli Nuclear History

French Nuclear History

Interviews by Avner Cohen

Placeholder image for when a portrait image is not available

United States. Department of State. Bureau of Intelligence and Research

-

Placeholder image for when a portrait image is not available

Cohen, Avner

1951 -

Placeholder image for when a portrait image is not available

Peres, Shimon

1923 -

Placeholder image for when a portrait image is not available

United States. Department of State

-

Placeholder image for when a portrait image is not available

Bergmann, Ernst David

1903 -

Results:

1 - 10 of 33

Display:

Sort By:

Documents

November 16, 2020	Interview with Robert Einhorn Robert Einhorn is a former US diplomat. He served as the head of the US delegation to ACRS.
2019	Elie Geisler, 'The Israeli Nuclear Drama of May 1967: A Personal Testimony' Elie Geisler received training as a radiation-safety officer while serving as a solider at Dimona from 1964 to 1966. As the crisis escalated in late May 1967, Geisler was summoned to meet the head of the Minhal Madaii—the secret scientific administration in charge of the nuclear project—who gave him a special assignment: guarding a radioactive “package” to be placed under heavy security. The following testimony was relayed to Avner Cohen through several interviews and follow-up conversations and email exchanges.
October 20, 2016	Oral History Interview with Roland Timerbaev One of the drafters of the Treaty on Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons.
December 14, 2016	Oral History Interview with Hans Blix The interview with Hans Blix, conducted by Michal Onderco, delves into Blix's experiences as Director-General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and his pivotal role in strengthening the agency's safeguards and mandate in the wake of nuclear proliferation challenges. Blix reflects on the lessons learned from Iraq, South Africa, and North Korea, emphasizing the need for comprehensive and intrusive inspection mechanisms to ensure compliance with nuclear treaties. He discusses the balance between diplomacy and enforcement, contrasting the IAEA's professional inspection style with the more confrontational approach of other agencies like UNSCOM. The conversation also explores Blix's advocacy for consolidating nuclear verification efforts within the IAEA, despite opposition favoring the creation of new organizations. Throughout, Blix underscores the importance of maintaining the IAEA's impartiality and technical credibility in the politically charged landscape of global nuclear governance.
January 1966	Excerpt of an Indian Document on Chinese Nuclear Delivery Capability An excerpt of a document recovered from the Air India 101 crash assessing China's military capabilities.
May 14, 1964	Research Memorandum INR-16 from Thomas L. Hughes to the Secretary, 'Indian Nuclear Weapons Development' An intelligence report that the fuel core of the Canadian-Indian Reactor (CIR) at Trombay was being changed every six months raised questions about India’s nuclear objectives: a six-month period was quite short for “normal research reactor operations,” but it was the optimum time for using the CIR’s spent fuel for producing weapons grade plutonium. According to INR, India had taken the “first deliberate decision in the series leading to a nuclear weapon,” which was to have “available, on demand, unsafeguarded weapons-grade plutonium or, at the least, the capacity to produce it.”
June 18, 1974	Memorandum of Conversation, 'Indian Nuclear Explosion; World Food Conference; Pacific Coast Tankers; NATO Declaration; Middle East; Trade Bill' Canada’s safeguards had failed to prevent India from converting spent fuel from the CANDU reactor into plutonium. Kissinger acknowledged to Canadian Foreign Minister Mitchell Sharp that U.S. safeguards had also proven to be “lousy,” failing to prevent India from using U.S.-supplied heavy water for its nuclear activities. Sharp asked Kissinger how the proliferation of nuclear technology could be prevented and what should be said to the Argentines and the Egyptians, who were also seeking to use nuclear energy. But Kissinger evidently had no answer.
May 27, 1974	Confidential Note from Pierre Laurent to the French Foreign Minister Pierre Laurent of the French Department of Scientific Affairs describes the first Indian nuclear test and the resulting reevaluation of French nuclear cooperation with India. New guarantees are suggested to ensure that French-supplied nuclear technology and materials could not be used in future Indian nuclear explosions.
October 30, 1951	Letter from UK Embassy in Paris to London on Franco-Indian agreement British Ambassador Oliver Harvey reports a conversation with the Director of the French Atomic Energy Commission Jules Guéron on the details of Franco-Indian nuclear cooperation.
January 16, 1950	Minutes of a Special Meeting of the Indian Atomic Energy Commission The Indian Atomic Energy Commission meets with the French High Commissioner for Atomic Energy Joliot-Curie to discuss nuclear cooperation between India and France.