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Stalin and the Cold War

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Eastern Europe

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American diplomat William Averell Harriman

Harriman, W. Averell (William Averell)

1891 - 1986

East German Uprising

Dr. Syngman Rhee, 1939

Rhee, Syngman

1875 - 1965

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India. Consulate General (Lhasa)

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North Korean Public Diplomacy

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Indian and Nepali Reports from Lhasa, 1949-1954

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879 - 1953

Indian Nuclear History

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China and the End of World War II

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National Security Council (U.S.)

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Djilas, Milovan

1911 - 1995

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January 12, 1950	Office Memorandum from Butterworth to the Secretary of State, 'Response to Chinese Ambassador's Letter of December 23, 1949' The document discusses the Chinese government's request for $86 million in US military and economic aid to Taiwan, with $26 million designated for military supplies and advisory personnel, and the remainder for commodities, reconstruction, and stabilization programs. The US State Department drafts a response aligning with President Truman's January 5, 1950, statement on Formosa, which avoids committing to military aid while leaving economic assistance proposals open for evaluation. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
September 16, 1958	Telegram No. 413 from Taipei to the Secretary of State This document features reports on Taiwanese editorials emphasizing military preparedness and criticizing U.S. convoy policies regarding supplies to Kinmen. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
1902	Alfred T. Mahan, 'The Persian Gulf and International Relations,' (Excerpts) The bulk of this long article, published in a London magazine and aimed at the British public, discusses international relations in the Far East, and in particular the Russian advance into the Chinese seas. The Middle East only receives cursory attention, with the exception of the Persian Gulf which Mahan describes as a geopolitical flashpoint. The American admiral defines the Middle East as a zone with fluid borders situated between South and West Asia and centered around the Gulf. More specifically, for Mahan it was a region where Britain’s dominance of the strategic land and sea communication routes between London and India was increasingly being threatened by the encroachments of imperial rivals.
July 16, 1950	Monthly Report of the Indian Mission, Lhasa, for Period Ending 15th July 1950 Hugh Richardson reports from Lhasa on the latest developments in Tibet from June 15-July 15, 1950. The first section, dealing with India's relations with Tibet, was evidently removed from the report before it was shared with the British Government.
February 15, 1950	Monthly Report of the Indian Mission, Lhasa, for Period Ending 15th February 1950 An update on Tibet's relations with India, China, Nepal, the UK, and the US in early 1950. There are also comments on political and economic developments within Tibet.
January 15, 1950	Memorandum No.3(7)-L/50 from the Officer in Charge, Indian Mission, Lhasa, to the Political Officer in Sikkim, Gangtok The monthly report of the Indian Mission in Lhasa, Tibet, for the period December 15, 1949, through January 15, 1950.
April 15, 1951	Monthly Report of the Indian Mission, Lhasa, for the Period Ending 15th April, 1951 The Indian Mission in Lhasa reports on the Chinese military encroachment into Tibet, Sino-Tibetan relations and Indo-Tibetan relations, and domestic political and economic developments within Tibet.
February 15, 1951	Monthly Report of the Indian Mission, Lhasa, for the Period Ending 15th February, 1951 The Indian Mission in Lhasa reports on the Chinese military encroachment into Tibet, Sino-Tibetan relations and Indo-Tibetan relations, and domestic political and economic developments within Tibet.
October 9, 1992	Ewan Buchanan to Warwick Morris (UK Embassy Seoul), 'U.S.-ROK Security Consultative Meeting' A telegram from Ewen Buchanan, an arms control specialist with the FCO, to Warrick Morris, the UK Ambassador to Seoul.
October 17, 1958	Press Release containing a Speech by Minister of External Affairs Frank Aiken and Draft Resolutions on Nuclear Disarmament Aiken’s first step was a modest paragraph calling for the formation of a UN commission to recommend measures to the next session. However, global attentions were focused on nuclear tests and their health effects, so Aiken linked his initiative with the American-led seventeen-power resolution requesting all states to suspend testing voluntarily. Aiken proposed an amendment to that motion that included the notion of brokering an understanding between nuclear weapons powers and non-nuclear powers. He submitted that the former voluntarily desist from supplying nuclear weapons to other countries, while non-nuclear powers reciprocated and volunteered not to develop such weapons during a test suspension. This proposed quid pro quo became a staple in the Irish resolutions subsequently and eventually be inscribed into the NPT. Aiken’s speech invoked recognizable tropes such as a ‘geometric’ increase in nuclear powers, creating an urgent need to halt the spread. His speech was seminal in identifying themes he and international opinion would rehearse in future years. He conjured up fears about small states and revolutionary groups with a bomb acting as ‘the detonator for world-wide thermonuclear war’. Aiken was perceptive – he expected criticisms about institutionalized equality between states (nuclear “haves” and “have nots”), harms to alliances, the sufficiency of test bans, and the absence of monitoring. He sought to disprove the validity of such critiques, and these issues were worked through gradually, eventually leading to the finalization of the NPT ten years later.