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Western Europe

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North Atlantic Council Meeting, Lisbon, June 1985

Archivio Andreotti's NATO Series

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Western Europe

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Italy. Ministry of Foreign Affairs

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Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Italy. Ministry of Defense

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Alessandrini, Adolfo

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Western Europe

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Italy. Foreign Ministry

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Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

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Fulci, Francesco Paolo

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Euromissiles Crisis

Soviet Foreign Policy

President Ronald Reagan, Vice-President Bush, and oviet General Secretary Gorbachev

United States-Soviet Relations

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China-Europe Relations

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Rossi, Aldo

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March 28, 1963	American Embassy Rome Airgram A-1368 to State Department, 'Exchange of Notes Affecting Replacement of Jupiter Missiles in Italy' On March 22, 1963, through an exchange of notes, the U.S. and Italy confirmed the final agreement on the dismantling of the Jupiter missiles and their replacement with patrols of Polaris submarines assigned to the Supreme Allied Commander Europe. The Polaris patrols would begin on April 1, 1963, and the dismantling operation would occur during the next 25 days.
January 24, 1963	Diary Entry of Amintore Fanfani for 24 January 1963 [Excerpt] In his diary, Fanfani recorded that the Council of Ministers has approved his report on the talks with President Kennedy and the recommendation to withdraw the Jupiters on April 1, 1963. The Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Defense would have a “mandate” to implement the withdrawal. As agreed, the Jupiters would be replaced by Polaris, and the latter would not be based in Italy. Italy would support a NATO multilateral force, without the tripartite directorate that De Gaulle had espoused.
January 17, 1963	Diary Entry of Aminitore Fanfani for 17 January 1963 [Excerpt] In the morning, Fanfani met with his advisers, and they agreed to accept the Jupiter-Polaris arrangement. He then met with Kennedy for a series of conversations on East-West issues and the developing countries. During their private meeting, Fanfani conveyed to Kennedy the conditions for the agreement—Polaris submarines would not be based in Italy, and Italy would be a participant in the MLF and a member of the NATO committee establishing it. As he noted in his diary, Fanfani asked that language referring to “bases in the Mediterranean” (“which could lead one to suppose they are in Italy”) be removed from the “minute of understanding” of the meeting. Kennedy accepted the stipulations, and a memorandum of their understanding was prepared.
January 16, 1963	Diary Entry of Amintore Fanfani for 16 January 1963 Fanfani covered the events of the day in this journal entry, noting that he told Kennedy he would make no commitment on the Jupiter-Polaris replacement until he spoke with McNamara. With McNamara, Fanfani emphasized the point about using the Jupiter base for space launches. Both Kennedy and McNamara denied that there was a trade with the USSR, with McNamara emphasizing the risks posed by the Jupiters during the Missile Crisis.
July 13, 1979	Report on the Italian "nuclear supplies" to Iraq In July 1979, U.S. diplomats told their Italian counterparts that it was an “American strong belief” that Iraq was pursuing nuclear capability, and they requested the Italian government to provide information on the nature of the “nuclear supplies” to Iraq. Italy dutifully complied with the United States’ demand for information and assured the US government that all supplies to Iraq were provided in compliance with the "NPT, the London agreements, and the other international regulations”
January 20, 1964	Note on Euratom Internal Situation Note on memorandum by J. Gueron General Director of Research and Education Euratom to MIC G. Medici suggesting to suppress national nuclear programs and to redirect Italian nuclear development either within the cadre of the European Community programs carried out at the EURATOM centers, or in association with foreign programs (French and German).
February 28, 1966	Memo on US NPT Proposal Memo by A. Albonetti to GA on US NPT project. The paper focuses on the potentially adverse impact for Italy of signing the treaty. It also raises the issue of a "European clause"; suggestions for possible Italian counter-proposals to the project and consideration of the nuclear moratorium proposed by Italy.
March 1, 1966	Analysis of the Italian Position vis-à-vis Nuclear Proliferation Nucleare and Disarmament Memo by amb. R. Ducci sent to MD Andreotti by A. Albonetti on problems related to the attitude of Italy with regard to nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament. The paper discusses the opportunity for Italian national policy to link non-proliferation to nuclear disarmament measures by nuclear countries and defer commitment to the NPT.
February 26, 1960	MAE-MD Joint Report on Question of Disarmament Report of the Joint MAE-MD working group on the issue of disarmament. The report is centered on the 10 military milestones of the Italian position (reduction of budgets for the defense, of actuals and armaments, balanced disarmament, weapons and nuclear secrets, cessation of experiments nuclear, special status zones, special defensive needs of Italy, abolition of US bases, Atlantic defense). It contains comments and suggestions related to different disengagement modalities in Central Europe. Included is a letter by CSMD A. Rossi to MD Andreotti with observations on the MAE report.
September 2, 1974	MAE Report on Indian Nuclear Explosion Report by Italy's delegation to the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva on the impact on the NPT of the Indian nuclear explosion, on the problem of the credibility and adaptation of the treaty to the new international situation. Includes suggestions for proposals by the Italian government concerning how to update the Treaty.