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Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich Perestroika Clear All

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Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931 - 2022

Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

The Palace of the Republic (Palast der Republik) in Berlin

Eastern Europe

East Germany

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Official portrait for President George H.W. Bush, 1989.

Bush, George H.W.

1924 - 2018

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Eastern Europe

Romania

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Chernyaev, A. S.

-

Photograph of Helmut Kohl, 1982.

Kohl, Helmut

1930 - 2017

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Eastern Europe

Bulgaria

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Eastern Europe

Poland

François Mitterrand in 1983

Mitterrand, François

1916 - 1996

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Zhivkov, Todor

1911 - 1998

Helmut Kohl addresses the United Nations, June 1997.

Helmut Kohl Transcripts

Intelligence Operations in the Cold War

Berlin Wall between Mitte and Kreuzberg

Berlin Wall

German Reunification

Sino-Soviet Relations

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October 21, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with President Patricio Aylwin, Santiago de Chile, 21 October 1991, 09:30 – 11:00 hours Kohl and Aylwin discuss Honecker's release from the Chilean embassy in Moscow. Kohl recollects his personal meetings with Honecker, in particular the latter's 1987 visit in Bonn. Moreover, Kohl reflects on his inner-German trade policy and its impact for the GDR's demise, especially the billion DM loan for the GDR in 1983.
September 20, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with Spanish Prime Minister Felipe Gonzales, Thursday, 19 September 1991, 11:20 until 12:46 hours Kohl and Gonzalez discuss the potential for European integration after Germany's unification and the urge for fast action after the coup in Moscow. They review the ensuing war in Yugoslavia and the need for the Federal Republic to avoid going it alone in its efforts for the recognition of Slovenia and Croatia.
June 13, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, Bonn, 13 June 1991, 11:45 am to 12:45 pm Kohl and Mulroney look back into Canada's role as a supporter of German unification. Mulroney highlights the relevance of his personal diplomacy in this endeavor. In addition, they discuss financial aid for the Soviet Union and preparations for the London World Economic Summit.
January 31, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Conversation with British Foreign Minister Douglas Hurd on 30 January 1991 Kohl and Hurd discuss Germany's financial aid in support of Britain's military operations in the Gulf in the amount of DM 800 million. Moreover, Kohl reviews his efforts for constitutional changes in order to enable Germany's participation in future of out-of-are missions.
December 29, 1989	National Intelligence Daily for Friday, 29 December 1989 The CIA’s National Intelligence Daily for 29 December 1989 describes the latest developments in Panama, Romania, the Soviet Union, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Brazil, Lebanon, Chile, and Poland.
December 13, 1988	Telegram by Ambassador Vanni D'Archirafi to Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 'NATO Ministerial meeting in the light of Gorbachev's announcement to the United Nations - West Germany's assessments' The telegram decribes West Germany's reactions on Gorbachev's December 7, 1988 address at the UN where he announces drastic changes in Soviet foreign and security policy.
December 10, 1988	Excerpts from the Diary of Anatoly Chernyaev Chernyaev's diary entry on the worsening situation in the Baltics and implications for the state of the Soviet Union.
July 6, 1989	Speech by Mikhail Gorbachev to the Council of Europe in Strasbourg, "Europe as a Common Home" Mikhail Gorbachev exposes his idea of the "Common European Home" and states that he will not block reform in East European countries. Gorbachev told the Council that it is "the sovereign right of each people to choose their social system at their own discretion." Gorbachev's statements amount to an unofficial repudiation of the Brezhnev Doctrine.
September 1985	CIA Intelligence Assessment, 'Gorbachev's Economic Agenda: Promises, Potentials, and Pitfalls' An analysis of Gorbachev's new economic policies.
December 6, 1989	Report of the Hungarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs [F. Somogyi] for the Council of Ministers about the Meeting of the leaders of the Warsaw Pact on 4 December Summary of the meeting of the leaders of the Warsaw Pact. The document is not signed, but it is highly likely it was authorized by Ferenc Somogyi, Deputy Minister of the Hungarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, who was present at the meeting in Moscow.