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Scowcroft, Brent George H.W. Bush Presidential Library Clear All

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Scowcroft, Brent

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Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Helmut Kohl addresses the United Nations, June 1997.

Helmut Kohl Transcripts

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931 - 2022

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Baker, James Addison

1930 -

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Western Europe

Germany

François Mitterrand in 1983

Mitterrand, François

1916 - 1996

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Hartmann, Peter

1935 -

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Sununu, John Henry

1939 -

Japan's Itsukushima Shrine

East Asia

Japan

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Western Europe

France

Photograph of the Hands of Victory Monument in Baghdad.

Middle East

Iraq

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Gulf War, 1990-1991

Sino-Soviet Relations

Handshake between Mao Zedong and Richard Nixon

Sino-American Cooperation, 1972-1989

Sino-Soviet Rapprochement, 1985-1989

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January 21, 1991	Cable, Richard Armitage to the White House for Mr. Robert Gates, 'Hussein/Armitage Meeting January 21, 1991' The President’s special envoy to Jordan, Richard Armitage, updates the White House on a private talk he had just had with King Hussein. The King briefed Armitage on a secret meeting recently held with Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir.
September 16, 1991	Memorandum of Conversation: Meeting with Helmut Kohl, Chancellor of Germany, September 16, 1991, 1:30-2:30pm This memorandum documents a broader meeting involving senior U.S. and German officials, addressing global challenges and German-American relations. Chancellor Kohl highlighted Germany's domestic recovery post-reunification, acknowledging difficulties in the former East German states and economic adjustments. He praised U.S. leadership in the Middle East peace process and reiterated Germany's refusal to fund Israeli settlements. On Soviet Union matters, Kohl supported aid to stabilize the region but stressed the need for a functioning central government to ensure arms control and economic reforms. He urged a collaborative international response to food aid and debt challenges. Discussions extended to Yugoslavia's disintegration, with concerns about potential civil war and the implications of ethnic and religious divides. Kohl and the U.S. team emphasized cautious engagement to prevent broader European instability. Kohl also highlighted the importance of German-American scientific collaborations and the need to counter Japanese economic influence globally. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
September 16, 1991	Memorandum of Conversation: Meeting with Helmut Kohl, Chancellor of Germany, September 16, 1991, 12:00-1:30pm This memorandum captures a discussion between President George H. W. Bush and German Chancellor Helmut Kohl on September 16, 1991, focusing on international and bilateral relations. Topics include U.S.-Germany academic and cultural exchanges, European political integration, NATO's role, and French-German relations. Chancellor Kohl emphasized the benefits of strong U.S.-Germany cooperation, particularly in promoting NATO within a politically unified Europe. He expressed concern over Japan's economic dominance and Europe's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), advocating for reforms to enhance global trade and support developing nations. Discussions also covered the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, with both leaders stressing the importance of resisting extreme policies to maintain peace prospects. Additionally, Kohl shared insights on internal German challenges post-reunification and SPD (Social Democratic Party) dynamics. The conversation concluded with reflections on broader European politics and leadership transitions in France. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
July 15, 1991	Memorandum of Conversation: Meeting with Helmut Kohl, Chancellor of Germany on July 15, 1991 Bush, Kohl, and others discuss relations with France and France's views of NATO, talks between the US and the USSR over the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START I), safeguarding the Brazilian rainforest, the Uruguay Round of the GATT, support for economic reforms in the Soviet Union, and US-German relations.
May 20, 1991	Memorandum of Conversation: Meeting with Helmut Kohl, Chancellor of Germany, May 20, 1991, 4:30-6:20 pm. Bush and Kohl discuss Germany's place in Europe and in NATO, its relationship with France, the Uruguay Round of the GATT, and politics in France.
January 28, 1991	Memorandum of Telephone Conversation: Telcon with Chancellor Kohl of Germany, January 28, 1991, 11:08-11:28 a.m. On a phone call, Bush and Kohl discuss the Gulf War, including the evacuation of Iraqi planes to Iran, Saddam Hussein's state of mind, the role of Turkey, and German's financial contribution.
February 26, 1989	Memorandum of Conversation: President Bush's Meeting with General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party Zhao Ziyang of the People's Republic of China, February 26, 1989, 4:00 p.m. - 5:40 p.m. George H.W. Bush and Zhao Ziyang discuss Sino-American relations and China's reform and opening, in addition to the situations in Korea, India, Pakistan, and the Soviet Union.
February 26, 1989	Memorandum of Conversation: President Bush's Meeting with Chairman Deng Xiaoping of the People's Republic of China, February 26, 1989, 11:00 a.m. - 12:00 noon Conversation between Deng Xiaoping and President George Bush on Sino-US relations. Deng expressed the hope that the bilateral relationship would develop in a "new pattern" based on mutual trust, mutual support, and minimizing as much as possible mutual problems. They also discussed the continued tensions between China and the Soviet Union,
October 23, 1989	Memorandum of Telephone Conversation: Telephone Call from Chancellor Helmut Kohl of the Federal Republic of Germany, October 23, 1989, 9:02-9:26 a.m. EDT Telephone conversation between President George H. W. Bush and German Chancellor Helmut Kohl on the situation in Eastern Europe.