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Baker, James Addison

1930 -

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

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Western Europe

Germany

Helmut Kohl addresses the United Nations, June 1997.

Helmut Kohl Transcripts

Photograph of the Port of Jaffa in Israel.

Middle East

Israel

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Photograph of the Hands of Victory Monument in Baghdad.

Middle East

Iraq

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Hartmann, Peter

1935 -

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Gulf War, 1990-1991

Kofi Annan and Saddam Hussein

Hussein, Saddam

1937 - 2006

Official portrait for President George H.W. Bush, 1989.

Bush, George H.W.

1924 - 2018

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931 - 2022

Japan's Itsukushima Shrine

East Asia

Japan

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James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS)

1989 -

Group photo from the Arms Control and Regional Security Working Group Operational Basket Meeting, Antalya, Turkey, April 4-6, 1995.

ACRS Oral History Project

Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

Sino-Soviet Relations

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March 18, 1991	The Chancellor’s [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with Israel‘s Foreign Minister Levy on Thursday, 14 March 1991, 13.15 until 14.15 hours Kohl and Levy discuss the situation in Iraq, the Palestine question and Israel's request for financial assistance from the Federal Republic of Germany.
January 31, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Conversation with British Foreign Minister Douglas Hurd on 30 January 1991 Kohl and Hurd discuss Germany's financial aid in support of Britain's military operations in the Gulf in the amount of DM 800 million. Moreover, Kohl reviews his efforts for constitutional changes in order to enable Germany's participation in future of out-of-are missions.
January 18, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with Soviet Ambassador Terechov on 17 January 1991 On behalf of Gorbachev, Ambassador Terechov complains that the Soviet government was only informed about the start of U.S. military operations in the Persian Gulf an hour in advance.
December 27, 1990	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Conversation with the Turkish President Özal on Friday, 21 December 1990 Kohl and Özal debate the Gulf crisis and Turkey's request for the deployment of the air component of NATO's Allied Command Europe Mobile Force. In addition, they discuss the resignation of Soviet Foreign Minister Shevardnadze.
November 22, 1990	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Breakfast Meeting with President Mitterrand on Wednesday, 21 November 1990 in Paris for the Occasion of the CSCE Summit Kohl and Mitterrand assess the relevance of the Paris CSCE Summit and the situation in the Gulf, especially UN resolutions on Iraq and the potential use of force under a UN mandate.
November 13, 1990	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with Soviet President M.S. Gorbachev on 9 November 1990, 3:15 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. at the Federal Chancellery Kohl and Gorbachev review the state of bilateral relations, the Gulf crisis and the situation in the Soviet Union, especially with regards to Gorbachev's perestroika and glasnost and the Soviet Union's economic reforms. They discuss Western economic assistance and food supplies for the Soviet Union as well.
September 16, 1991	Memorandum of Conversation: Meeting with Helmut Kohl, Chancellor of Germany, September 16, 1991, 12:00-1:30pm This memorandum captures a discussion between President George H. W. Bush and German Chancellor Helmut Kohl on September 16, 1991, focusing on international and bilateral relations. Topics include U.S.-Germany academic and cultural exchanges, European political integration, NATO's role, and French-German relations. Chancellor Kohl emphasized the benefits of strong U.S.-Germany cooperation, particularly in promoting NATO within a politically unified Europe. He expressed concern over Japan's economic dominance and Europe's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), advocating for reforms to enhance global trade and support developing nations. Discussions also covered the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, with both leaders stressing the importance of resisting extreme policies to maintain peace prospects. Additionally, Kohl shared insights on internal German challenges post-reunification and SPD (Social Democratic Party) dynamics. The conversation concluded with reflections on broader European politics and leadership transitions in France. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
May 20, 1991	Memorandum of Conversation: Meeting with Helmut Kohl, Chancellor of Germany, May 20, 1991, 4:30-6:20 pm. Bush and Kohl discuss Germany's place in Europe and in NATO, its relationship with France, the Uruguay Round of the GATT, and politics in France.
January 28, 1991	Memorandum of Telephone Conversation: Telcon with Chancellor Kohl of Germany, January 28, 1991, 11:08-11:28 a.m. On a phone call, Bush and Kohl discuss the Gulf War, including the evacuation of Iraqi planes to Iran, Saddam Hussein's state of mind, the role of Turkey, and German's financial contribution.
October 15, 2020	Interview with Eran Lerman Eran Lerman is a former Israeli intelligence officer. He served as a member of the Israeli delegation to ACRS.