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South Asia

Afghanistan

Afghan resistance fighters return to a village destroyed by Soviet forces

Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

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South Asia

Pakistan

The Taj Mahal Shrine in Agra, India.

South Asia

India

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931 - 2022

Sino-Soviet Relations

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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Najibullah, Mohammad

1947 - 1996

President Ronald Reagan, Vice-President Bush, and oviet General Secretary Gorbachev

United States-Soviet Relations

George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906 - 1982

Soviet Foreign Policy

Pakistani Nuclear History

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Soviet Union. Communist Party. Central Committee (CPSU CC). Politburo

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Andrei Gromyko at the UN, 1981

Gromyko, Andrei Andreevich

1909 - 1989

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December 31, 1979	Report on the Situation in Afghanistan, Gromyko, Andropov, Ustinov, and Ponomarev to CPSU CC, 27-28 December 1979 Andropov Gromyko Ustinov Ponomarev Report on Events in Afghanistan on 27-28 December 1979 regarding the crisis in Afghanistan and the overthrow of Amin’s oppressive regime with the help of Soviet troops
March 21, 1990	Letter from Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR, M. Moiseyev to L.H. Zaikov, 21 March 1990. The letter concerns Afghanistan and arms sales.
April 1, 1979	Memo on Protocol #149 of the Politburo, "Our future policy in connection with the situation in Afghanistan" The following CPSU Central Committee document, dated 1 April 1979 and signed by Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko, Defense Minister Dmitrii Ustinov, KGB chief Yurii Andropov, and CC International Department head Boris Ponomarev, provides a strikingly candid assessment of the deteriorating situation in Afghanistan that the Soviet Politburo confronted in spring 1979. The report attributes the increasing success of the Islamic opposition (i.e., the Afghan Mujaheddin) to the “miscalculations and mistakes” of the PDPA (People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan) regime that seized power following the April 1978 “revolution.”
August 5, 1989	CPSU CC Memo with excerpt of Politburo Protocol #164, 5 August 1989 On the provision of additional war supplies to Afghanistan.
December 27, 1979	CPSU CC Memo with attachments, 27 December 1979, on Politburo Protocol #177 The memo concerns Soviet steps on ties with the development of the situation around Afghanistan.
June 13, 1979	Notes from a Conversation with the General Secretary of the Central Committee [CC] of the NDPA [National Democratic Party of Afghanistan], Chairman of the Revolutionary Council of the DRA [Democratic Republic of Afghanistan] - N. M. Taraki Memo from a conversation between the USSR Minister of Education - V. P. Eliutin- and N. M. Taraki detailing the results of the educational exchange established between Afghanistan and the USSR, and outlining new possibilities for sending Afghani university students to study in the USSR. The meeting has taken place on May 30, 1979.
March 9, 1982	Conversation between Erich Honecker and Yasser Arafat (Excerpt) This is an excerpt of a conversation which appears in full at BA-SAPMO J IV 2/201/1416. The conversation opens with the issue of French-Israeli relations. France plans to deliver a nuclear reactor to Israel to the opposition of the Arab world. Also mentioned are the deliveries of arms from the GDR to the PLO. Arafat reports on the use of chemical weapons by Israel in Lebanon. These weapons were reportedly delivered by the FRG. Israel also seems to use biological weapons. Final topics of discussion are the role of the Pope in Poland, the question of Jerusalem, and the Islamic movement in Afghanistan.
February 1, 1989	Ciphered Telegram No. 19, Embassy of Hungary in the Soviet Union to the Hungarian Foreign Ministry Lengthy report on India's current domestic and foreign policies. Includes discussion of India's upcoming parliamentary elections and preparations by Rajiv Gandhi and the Congress Party. Foreign relations in Asia with countries such as China, Cambodia, and Afghanistan are discussed, as well as India's involvement in disarmament talks through the Six Nation Five Continent Peace Initiative. Lastly, India's relationship with the Soviet Union in foreign policy and trade is described.
February 13, 1980	Ciphered Telegram No. 26, Embassy of Hungary in Pakistan to the Hungarian Foreign Ministry Short report on Indian diplomatic overtures to Pakistan in response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
February 1, 1980	CPSU CC Politburo Decision