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Documents

May 28, 1989

China Division, Asian Affairs Bureau [Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan], 'Report from the Embassy in China Concerning Student Moves in Tiananmen Square'

A brief report on the demands of student protestors in Tiananmen Square, which includes the demand that Li Peng steps down.

May 20, 1989

Cable No. 8538, Foreign Minister [Sosuke Uno] to the Embassy and Consulate Generals in China, 'Chinese Student Demonstrations (Main Points of Questions and Answers for External Audiences)'

The Japanese Foreign Ministry provides talking points on the student protest movement to Japanese diplomatic missions in China.

May 18, 1989

China Division [Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan], 'Chinese Student Actions (Hunger Strike)'

The China Division provides an update on the student protests in China, commenting that "there is emotional support for the student demands" among the broad masses. The report also evaluates how the Chinese leadership is handling the protest movement.

January 27, 1959

Conversation from [Mao Zedong's] Audience with a Government Delegation from the German Democratic Republic (Excerpt)

Mao discusses the need to both use and control intellectuals. He particularly notes that the CCP must be prepared to face rebellions at universities [such as the ones that occurred during the Hundred Flowers Campaign]. When Mao allowed Chinese intellectuals to rebel, it almost seemed like the CCP would perish, but he learned from the Hungarian Incident [a student protest incited the Hungarian Revolution of 1956] and ensnared them [in the Anti-Rightist Campaign of 1957].

March 17, 1987

Antonio Rubbi, 'Note for Comrades: Natta and Napolitano'

This document dated March 17, 1987 is a report from Antonio Rubbi on his meeting with the Chinese foreign minister, Wu Xueqian. The most interesting facts of the meeting were that China expected to establish full relations with all Eastern European socialist countries by the end of 1987 and that the student protests had been fueled by intellectuals who wanted to “westernize” the country. As for Hu Yaobang, the Chinese official explained that had been removed from office because he had failed to uphold the principles of Chinese policy.

October 19, 1964

J.S. Mehta, 'China's Bomb and Its Consequences on her Nuclear and Political Strategy'

Analysis of the recent Chinese nuclear weapon test and it's strategic implications for China's diplomatic and military policies.

February 22, 1972

Memorandum of Conversation between Richard Nixon and Zhou Enlai

May 17, 1989

Diary of Teimuraz Stepanov-Mamaladze, 17 May 1989

Teimuraz Stepanov-Mamaladze diary entry, describing negotiations between China and a USSR delegation. The negotiations cover border issues, Soviet assistance in improving relations between India and Nepal, and Afghanistan, among other issues. Following the negotiations, Mamaladze describes protesters, "two hundred thousand strong," and notes that the movement has grown beyond just students.

May 19, 1989

Notepad of Teimuraz Stepanov-Mamaladze, 19 May 1989

Notes from Teimuraz Stepanov-Mamaladze, covering discussions between Deng Xiaoping, Zhao Ziyang, and Viktor Karpov. The Chinese side discusses Deng's role against the student unrest going on in China, and the punishment of protestors attempting to storm the building of the All Chinese Congress of People's Representatives.

May 17, 1989

Notepad of Teimuraz Stepanov-Mamaladze, 17 May 1989

Teimuraz Stepanov-Mamaladze notebook, covering May 17 of USSR trip to China to normalize relations. Notes a speech by Gorbachev at China's National People's Congress, before moving to the call to cancel a planned press conference because there are "200 thousand [students] around us...This is a revolution." Some press conference is then held, and Gorbachev's comments are summarized. The notes conclude with Gorbachev's comments on the student protesters.

Pagination