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Uyghur man in Xinjiang

China

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

China and the Soviet Union in Xinjiang, 1934-1949

Sino-Soviet Relations

The Yi-ta Incident, 1962

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

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South Asia

Pakistan

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Soviet Union. Communist Party. Central Committee (CPSU CC). Politburo

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Photograph fo Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Beijing

China. Foreign Ministry

1949 -

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Pakistan. Embassy (China)

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Sheng, Shicai

1897 - 1970

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879 - 1953

Making of the Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1945-1950

Photograph of Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong, 1945

Chinese Civil War, 1946-1950

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Alptekin, Isa Yusuf

1901 - 1995

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East Asia

Mongolia

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

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Documents

December 12, 1970	Memorandum of Conversation between Romanian Deputy Premier Gheorghe Radulescu and Zhou Enlai during a Visit to China between 20-26 November 1970 Gheorge Radulescu informs Zhou Enlai that the United States desires to improve Sino-US relations and discuss China's representation in the UN. Zhou states that China does not accept the proposal for Taiwan to remain a member of the UN as an autonomous region of China, because, in that case, other countries could ask that the same be done for Tibet and Xinjiang. Zhou notes the ongoing border disputes with the Soviet Union. Zhou also discusses Japan's growing economy and the threat of renewed Japanese militarism.
August 23, 1969	Telegram from Aurel Duma to Corneliu Manescu Concerning the Conversation with Zhou Enlai Telegram from Aurel Duma detailing his meeting with Chinese premier Zhou Enlai. Enlai remarks that China believes Soviet citizens to be unhappy with the anti-China stance taken by the USSR. He also discusses Soviet interventions in Chinese territory, specifically Xinjiang.
September 15, 1959	Mikihail Zimyanin's Background Report for Khrushchev on China (Excerpt) Mikhail Zimyanin, head of the Soviet Foreign Ministry’s Far Eastern department, reports to Khrushchev on the “new stage” in Sino-Soviet relations after the victory of the people’s revolution in China; China and the Soviet Union now share the common goal of developing socialist societies in their respective countries.
April 5, 1956	From the Journal of Ambassador P. F. Yudin, Record of Conversation with Mao Zedong, 31 March 1956 Soviet Ambassador Yudin discusses the 20th Congress of the CPSU with Mao, including Khrushchev's "secret speech" denouncing Stalin and his cult of personality. Mao had already seen a copy and discusses mistakes in Stalin's policy towards China at length.
February 22, 1951	Reception of the Chairman of the Xinjiang Provincial Government, Burhan, 20 February 1951 In the conversation Burhan informed that in 1950 the Central government of the PRC requested the Soviet government to send Soviet specialists for work in Xinjiang. In connection with this, Bukhan described the request of the Xinjiang government for the following specialists: engineers—in hydro-technology, agronomy, veterinary technology, medicine, veterinary medicine and teaching. Burhan expressed the suggestion that these specialists could be used in the capacity of specialists in the Xinjiang provincial government. The request is being considered by the Soviet government.
June 12, 1969	Note Number 760 from Geoffroy Chodron de Courcel to Michel Debré, 'Chinese Foreign Policy' The French Ambassador in Great Britain reports new details on border clashes between China and the Soviet Union in Xinjiang-Kazakhstan, Chinese diplomacy in the Third World and with the West, and the state of Sino-British relations.
July 12, 1955	Cable from the Chinese Foreign Ministry, 'Draft Proposal to Strengthen and Develop Friendly Relations with Asian-African Countries after the Asian-African Conference' The PRC Foreign Ministry proposes to develop relations with, strengthen propaganda work toward, and expand the study of countries in Asia and Afica.
April 21, 1962	Chinese Foreign Ministry, Presentation of Diplomatic Note to India Concerning Indian Military Personnel’s Encroachment on Chinese Territory The Chinese Foreign Ministry alleges that Indian military personnel have entered into Xinjiang and demands that India cease from dispatching troops into Chinese territory
August 20, 1952	Minutes of Conversation between I.V. Stalin and Zhou Enlai Conversation between Stalin and Zhou Enlai concerning the extension of the Port Arthur agreement, the construction of a Sino-Mongolian railroad to the Soviet Union, and the situation in Korea. On the issue of Korea, they discussed sending arms shipments to China and Chinese arms production; the possibility of a Chinese offensive in Korea; and the return of POWs. Stalin reaffirmed his commitment to assisting China in the war in Korea.
January 22, 1950	Record of Talks between I.V. Stalin and Chairman of the Central People's Government of the People’s Republic of China Mao Zedong Conversation between Stalin and Mao concerning a proposed treaty of friendship and alliance between the USSR and China. Discussion includes: the prospects of future Japanese aggression, the Chinese-Eastern Railway (Mao and Stalin disagree on who should run its administration), the Port Arthur agreements (including the question of the port of Dalny), and economic cooperation. The economic cooperation focuses on a Soviet credit program for economic development in China, as well as the question of arms shipments to China. There is also discussion of Tibet.