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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Eastern Europe

Poland

Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia

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Prague Spring, 1968

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

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Eastern Europe

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North America

United States

Intelligence Operations in the Cold War

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

Jan Nowak-Jeziorański broadcasting for Radio Free Europe, 3 May 1952

Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty

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Pavlíček, Vladimir

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Czechoslovakia. Communist Party (CPCz)

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Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich

1914 - 1984

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931 - 2022

Fidel Castro, 1959.

Castro, Fidel

1926 - 2016

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July 18, 1968	Report, P. Shelest to Communist Party of Ukraine Central Committee Report delivered by First Secretary Petro Shelest to an expanded meeting of the Ukrainian Communist Party Central Committee and the Kyiv Oblast committee on 18 July 1968. A CPSU Central Committee plenum had been held the previous day to endorse the Soviet delegation’s decisions at a multilateral meeting in Warsaw on the Prague Spring.
July 17, 1968	Speech by P. Shelest at the CPSU CC Plenum First Secretary of the Ukrainian Communist Party Petro Shelest speaks at a CPSU Plenum on the situation in Czechoslovakia, characterizing the Prague Spring as "a grave, right-wing opportunist danger in a fraternal Communist party and the growth of anti-socialist, counterrevolutionary forces in socialist Czechoslovakia."
July 10, 1968	Memorandum from P. Shelest to CPSU CC First Secretary of the Ukrainian Communist Party Shelest reports on a conversation between the Ukrainian secretary of the Transcarpathian Oblast with the first secretary of Czechoslovakia's East Slovakia regional committee. They discussed possible changes to Czechoslovakia's federal structure and Soviet concerns about the ongoing Prague Spring.
June 17, 1968	Memorandum from P. Shelest to CPSU CC First Secretary of the Ukrainian Communist Party Shelest reports on the vist of a delegation of workers from Czechoslovakia to Ukraine. There was much discussion of the ongoing Prague Spring, including criticism of the Soviet Union from some delegation members.
September 28, 1978	Dispatch from the Head of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (CPCz) Central Committee’s International Relations Department M. Stefanak to the Czechoslovak Embassy in Kabul Report that Afghan politician Babrak Karmal was undergoing treatment for heart problems in Czechoslovakia.
November 20, 1989	Czechoslovak Ministry of Interior Memorandum, 'Information Regarding the Development of the Security Situation During the Period of the 17 November Anniversary' Internal and external anti-communists have been protesting and organizing mass demonstrations in Prague, destabilizing the political situation in Czechoslovakia. The peak of the social unrest occurred on 17-19 November. It is concluded that the political, economic, and foreign pressure, as a result of these events, have provoked the start of political change in the CSSR.
October 25, 1989	Czechoslovak Ministry of Interior Memorandum, 'The Security Situation in the CSSR in the Period Before 28 October' The Czechoslovak Ministry of the Interior reports on anti- government activity. Anti-socialist forces in Hungary are collaborating with those in Czechoslovakia. A demonstration on 28 October, 1989 is anticipated in Prague. Security measures have been taken in an attempt to prevent these groups from meeting, propagandizing, and organizing the demonstration.
October 17, 1989	Czechoslovak Ministry of Interior Memorandum, “Information on the Security Situation in the CSSR,” 17 October 1989 The Czechoslovak Ministry of the Interior reports on the state of security within the CSSR. A growing anti-communist movement is active within the CSSR, with some cooperation of the "internal enemy" with Western political and ideological groups. Increased levels of crime, violence, and alcoholism are reported.
November 26, 1989	List of Goals by the Civic Forum, 26 November 1989 The Civic Forum, the organizing voice for Czech opposition groups during the Velvet Revolution, outlines their goals for a future Czechoslovak Republic. This includes new program goals including individual rights, the political system, foreign policy, national economy, social justice, the environment, and culture.
November 19, 1989	Proclamation on the Establishment of Civic Forum 19 November 1989 The Czech Civic Forum declares its purpose for existence and addresses its primary demands for reform which should be promptly negotiated with the government.

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United States. Central Intelligence Agency 41

Pavlíček, Vladimir 20

Czechoslovakia. Communist Party (CPCz) 17

Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich 13

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich 11

Soviet Union 225

Eastern Europe 72

Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia 82

Prague Spring, 1968 76

Intelligence Operations in the Cold War 45

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe 39

End of the Cold War 36