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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Eastern Europe

Poland

Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia

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Prague Spring, 1968

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East Asia

China

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Eastern Europe

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North America

United States

Intelligence Operations in the Cold War

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United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

Jan Nowak-Jeziorański broadcasting for Radio Free Europe, 3 May 1952

Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty

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Pavlíček, Vladimir

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Czechoslovakia. Communist Party (CPCz)

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Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich

1914 - 1984

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931 - 2022

Fidel Castro, 1959.

Castro, Fidel

1926 - 2016

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Documents

November 28, 1989	Teleprint, Information on the Conclusions of Nationwide Party Congress held in Prague The objectives of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia are outlined, as a result of the nationwide party congress on 28 November in Prague.
November 23, 1989	Teleprint, 'Summary of the Demands Made by Opposition Groups Represented by the Civic Forum' The demands for reform by the Civic Forum and the anti-communism movement in Czechoslovakia are outlined, in regards to the legal system, political system, economy, and a general re-structuring of power. The general decline in support of the CPCz and growth of support for opposition groups is apparent.
November 23, 1989	Teleprint from Jozef Lenárt, Secretary of CC CPS, to Regional Committees and Municipal Committees in Prague and Bratislava Lenart presents information on an upcoming strike, planned by a now-unified organization of protesters called the Civic Forum. He reports the demands of the Civic Forum, explicated in their proclamation.
November 19, 1989	Teleprint from CC CPCz to First Secretary CC CPCz and Secretaries of Regional and District Committees Following an anti-government protest in Prague, information has been reported on plans for another general strike in the CSSR on 27 November.
November 21, 1989	Teleprint from the Presidium of the CC CPS to the Secretaries of Regional Committees of the CPCz [and] CPS and the Party Municipal Committees in Prague and Bratislava The Presidium reports recent anti-socialist disturbances in Prague, with the organizers allegedly influencing and manipulating the public, especially targeting students. It is emphasized that the CPCz and CPS must maintain order, and affirm the socialist position through media outlets.
March 13, 1968	Informal remarks by Czechoslovak Chief of General Staff, Gen. Otakar Rytír, at a Confidential Meeting of General Staff Officials, Prague General Otakar Rytír examines Czechoslovakia’s role within the Warsaw Treaty and discusses how it must be militarily independent, while still remaining loyal to the USSR.
February 2, 1967	Memo, CSSR Mission to Secretary-General U Thant, Concerning Czechoslovak Contribution to the UN The Permanent Mission of Czechoslovakia to the UN outlines specificities concerning the Government of Czechoslovak Socialist Republic's contribution to the UNs 1966 regular budget.
February 21, 1948	Report of the Special Action of the Polish Socialist Party in Prague, 21-25 February 1948 In the midst of a cabinet crisis in Czechoslovakia that would lead to the February Communist coup, several delegates from the Polish Socialist Party were sent to Prague to spread socialist influence. The crisis is outlined, as well as a thorough report of the conference in Prague.
August 3, 1968	Shelest's Account of the Transfer of the 'Letter of Invitation' Excerpt from diary of the First Secretary of the Ukrainian Communist Party, Petro Shelest. Shelest describes arrangements to receive a letter from Vasil Bil'ak, a written appeal for urgent military assistance from the Soviet Union to thwart an imminent "counterrevolution" in Czechoslovakia.
July 21, 1968	Shelest's Account of His Secret Meeting on Lake Balaton with Vasil Bil'ak, 20-21 July 1968 Excerpt from diary of the First Secretary of the Ukrainian Communist Party, Petro Shelest. Shelest recounts his secret meeting with the Slovak Communist Party leader, Vasil Bil'ak, on the shore of Lake Balaton in Hungary. The meeting took place late in the evening of 20-21 July, exactly a month before the Soviet-led invasion of Czechoslovakia.

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United States. Central Intelligence Agency 41

Pavlíček, Vladimir 20

Czechoslovakia. Communist Party (CPCz) 17

Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich 13

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich 11

Soviet Union 225

Eastern Europe 72

Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia 82

Prague Spring, 1968 76

Intelligence Operations in the Cold War 45

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe 39

End of the Cold War 36