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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Eastern Europe

Poland

Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia

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Prague Spring, 1968

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

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Eastern Europe

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North America

United States

Intelligence Operations in the Cold War

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United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

Jan Nowak-Jeziorański broadcasting for Radio Free Europe, 3 May 1952

Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty

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Pavlíček, Vladimir

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Czechoslovakia. Communist Party (CPCz)

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Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich

1914 - 1984

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931 - 2022

Fidel Castro, 1959.

Castro, Fidel

1926 - 2016

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November 21, 1989	Cable from US Embassy in Prague on Czech Demonstrations Cable from the US embassy in Prague reporting on continued demonstrations in Prague and other Czech cities on November 20.
November 20, 1989	Cable from US Embassy in Prague on Czech Demonstrations Cable from the US embassy in Prague reporting on their protest regarding attacks on American journalists during the November 17-19 demonstrations in Prague.
November 20, 1989	Cable from US Embassy in Prague on Czech Demonstrations Cable from the US embassy in Prague reporting that demonstrations continued over the weekend in Prague.
November 20, 1989	Cable from US Embassy in Prague on Czech Demonstrations Cable from the US embassy in Prague reporting on contradictions in the Czechoslovak press coverage of the demonstrations' aftermath.
November 20, 1989	Cable from US Embassy in Prague on Czech Demonstrations Cable from the US embassy in Prague reporting on the establishment of a new organization for Czech independents, the "Civic Forum," and the publication of a list of demands.
November 18, 1989	Cable from US Embassy in Prague on Czech Demonstrations The US embassy in Prague reports on the brutal suppression of the Czech students' demonstration.
November 20, 1989	Cable from US Embassy in Prague on Czech Demonstrations Cable from the US embassy in Prague reports on an American woman's account of the November 17 demonstrations and the death of a Czech student.
July 25, 1989	Report of the President of Hungary Rezso Nyers and General Secretary Karoly Grosz on Talks with Gorbachev in Moscow (excerpts) President of People’s Republic of Hungary, Rezso Nyers, and General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers Party, Karoly Grosz, report on their talks with Gorbachev in Moscow, 24-25 July, 1989. The excerpts contains economic reformer Nyers’ assessment of the political situation in Hungary, and first among the factors that "can defeat the party," he lists "the past, if we let ourselves [be] smeared with it." The memory of the revolution of 1956 and its bloody repression by the Soviets was Banquo’s ghost, destroying the legitimacy of the Hungarian Socialist Workers Party, just as 1968 in Prague and 1981’s martial law in Poland and all the other Communist "blank spots" of history came back in 1989 to crumble Communist ideology. For their part, the Communist reformers (including Gorbachev) did not quite know how to respond as events accelerated in 1989, except not to repeat 1956.
March 24, 1989	Conversation between M.S. Gorbachev and Karoly Grosz, General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers Party, March 23-24, 1989 These conversations reveal Gorbachev’s contradictions, as the Soviet leader proclaims again that the Brezhnev doctrine is dead and military interventions should be "precluded in the future, yet at the same time, tries to set "boundaries" for the changes in Eastern Europe as "the safekeeping of socialism and assurance of stability."
November 23, 1960	International Operations Division, Management Turmoil at Radio Free Europe The IOD officer responsible for RFE informs Cord Meyer of the turmoil in the RFE Czechoslovak Service. He opines that resignation of the RFE Munich leadership [European Director Erik Hazelhoff and his deputies David Penn and Charles J. McNeill] “would be an extremely healthy thing.”

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United States. Central Intelligence Agency 41

Pavlíček, Vladimir 20

Czechoslovakia. Communist Party (CPCz) 17

Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich 13

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich 11

Soviet Union 225

Eastern Europe 72

Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia 82

Prague Spring, 1968 76

Intelligence Operations in the Cold War 45

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe 39

End of the Cold War 36