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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Eastern Europe

Poland

Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia

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Prague Spring, 1968

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

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Eastern Europe

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North America

United States

Intelligence Operations in the Cold War

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

Jan Nowak-Jeziorański broadcasting for Radio Free Europe, 3 May 1952

Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty

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Pavlíček, Vladimir

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Czechoslovakia. Communist Party (CPCz)

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Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich

1914 - 1984

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931 - 2022

Fidel Castro, 1959.

Castro, Fidel

1926 - 2016

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December 5, 1960	Dispute Over Personnel Policy and Practices Culminates in Resignation of Radio Free Europe Top Management The Munich Consulate-General provides its appraisal of turmoil in the RFE Czechoslovak Service and the ensuing replacement of the American management at RFE Munich
August 15, 1957	Voice of America Broadcasting Policy for Czechoslovakia Voice of America (VOA) country policy guidelines for Czechoslovakia, endorsed by the Committee on Radio Broadcasting Policy (CRBP), one of a series of East European country guidelines for VOA complementing country guidelines for Radio Free Europe (RFE).
August 9, 1957	Committee on Radio Broadcasting Policy Discussion An International Organizations Division (IOD) officer recounts differences among the Committee on Radio Broadcasting Policy (CRBP) members about Radio Free Europe (RFE) country policy papers and discerns considerable overlap between RFE and the Voice of America (VOA).
August 1, 1956	Cable from the Chinese Embassy in Pakistan, 'Pakistan’s Relations with the Soviet Union and People’s Democratic Countries since March' The Chinese Embassy in Pakistan reports on the improving relation between Pakistan and socialist countries as well as the remaining apprehension.
November 8, 1989	Summary of Visit by Czechoslovak Foreign Minister Jaromír Johanes to China This report includes information on economic cooperation projects between Czechoslovakia and China and on the political situation in both countries. While the Czechoslovak side focuses on the democratization of the country, China points to its consolidated Socialist system. Also attached are records of conversations between Jaromír Johanes, Li Peng, and Jiang Zemin.
June 12, 1987	Record of Conversation in Prague between Chinese Party Leader Zhao Ziyang and Czechoslovak Prime Minister Lubomír Strougal This is the Slovak record of a 1987 conversation between the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, Zhao Ziyang, and Czechoslovak Prime Minister Lubomír Strougal outlining the possibilities of economic reform in Czechoslovakia and discussing technical and economic cooperation between Czechoslovakia and China. Zhao indicates that China is lagging behind in its development and asks for Czechoslovak support in reconstructing and modernizing Chinese power stations and chemical plants.
June 11, 1987	Record of Conversation in Prague between Chinese Party Leader Zhao Ziyang and Czechoslovak President Gustáv Husák This record of a 1987 conversation between the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, Zhao Ziyang, and Czechoslovak President Gustav Husák includes information on the political and economic situation in Czechoslovakia and China. Zhao Zhang explains changes in the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party. They also discuss the foreign policies of their respective countries, including relations with Japan and the US. Attached is a Slovak summary of the meeting, including details on technological cooperation between Czechoslovakia and China.
August 30, 1968	Cipher Telegram 3238-643, To the Commanding General of the 2nd Army of the Polish Armed Forces, Brigade General Cde. F. Siwicki This text of this telegram is virtually identical to that of telegram 3234-8/220, also sent 30 August 1968.
August 30, 1968	Cipher Message 3235-8/223, Warsaw to Minister of National Defense of the Polish People's Republic Division General Cde. W. Jaruzelski Because the Warsaw Pact has recently conducted a large number of military exercises and the costs of doing so, and given the present military occupation of Czechoslovakia, Soviet Marshal Yakubovsky proposes postponing the October joint military exercise to the following year. Yakubovsky solicits Polish General Jaruzelski's opinion on the matter.
August 30, 1968	Cipher Telegram 3234-8/220, Warsaw to Minister of National Defense of the Polish People's Republic Division General Cde. W. Jaruzelski Following the successful completion of the first stage of the joint military exercise in Czechoslovakia, Soviet Marshal Yakubovsky gives orders to Polish General Jaruzelski concerning the second stage. Four specific orders are given: the Polish military leadership must maintain friendly relations with the political bodies and civilians of occupied Czechoslovakia; maintain military preparedness; ensure the maintenance of proper living conditions for the Polish troops; and maintain adequate food supply and medical support for the Polish troops.

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United States. Central Intelligence Agency 41

Pavlíček, Vladimir 20

Czechoslovakia. Communist Party (CPCz) 17

Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich 13

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Soviet Union 225

Eastern Europe 72

Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia 82

Prague Spring, 1968 76

Intelligence Operations in the Cold War 45

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe 39

End of the Cold War 36