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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Eastern Europe

Poland

Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia

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Prague Spring, 1968

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

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Eastern Europe

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Intelligence Operations in the Cold War

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

Jan Nowak-Jeziorański broadcasting for Radio Free Europe, 3 May 1952

Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty

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Pavlíček, Vladimir

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Czechoslovakia. Communist Party (CPCz)

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Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich

1914 - 1984

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931 - 2022

Fidel Castro, 1959.

Castro, Fidel

1926 - 2016

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Documents

November 3, 1956	Comprehensive Guidance for Radio Free Europe Broadcasts An authoritative, cautionary US government guidance, approved by Allen Dulles and Deputy Undersecretary of State Robert Murphy, conveyed to the Free Europe Committee that afternoon.
July 27, 1968	Cipher Telegram 2784-323/8, To Minister of National Defense of Poland, Division General Cde. W. Jaruzelski This Soviet cipher message gives orders to the Polish military leadership regarding the joint military exercise in Poland and Czechoslovakia.
July 25, 1968	Cipher Telegraph 2765-311/8, To Minister of National Defense of the Poland, Division General Cde. W. Jaruzelski This Soviet cipher message provides Polish military forces with specific instructions regarding the forthcoming joint military exercise in Poland and Czechoslovakia. The given details pertain primarily to Polish troop movements.
June 1, 1968	Cipher Telegram 2142-GOU/2/85657, To the Minister of National Defense of Poland Division General Cde. W. Jaruzelski This cipher message provides the leadership of Polish forces with specific information regarding the implementation of the military exercise to be held in Poland and Czechoslovakia.
May 29, 1968	Cipher Telegram 2103-203, To Deputy Minister of National Defense of Poland and Chief of the General Staff of the Polish Armed Forces This brief cipher message informs the Polish military leadership that the joint military exercise to be conducted in Poland and Czechoslovakia must be postponed from June to July.
May 29, 1968	Cipher Telegram 2102-2037, To Minister of National Defense of Poland Division General Cde. W. Jaruzelski Sent by the Soviet Union, this cipher message notifies Polish forces that a joint strategic operational military exercise will be conducted in Poland and Czechoslovakia in the coming month. Soviet Marshal Yakubovsky advises Polish Division General Jaruzelski to mobilize the appropriate forces and resources for the purposes of the exercise.
August 7, 1956	Agreed Policy Governing Radio Free Europe Operations CIA and Free Europe Committee (FEC) restate policy for Radio Free Europe in the context of the 1956 upheaval in the Communist world.
March 13, 1956	German Concerns about Free Europe Committee Balloon Leaflet Operations West German Ambassador Heinz Krekeler shares his government’s concerns about Free Europe Committee (FEC) balloon operations with Deputy Undersecretary of State Robert Murphy and FEC President Whitney Shepardson.
August 1968	Letter from Czech Communist Politicians to Brezhnev Requesting Soviet Intervention in Prague Spring In August 1968 a small group of pro-Moscow hardliners in the Czechoslovak Communist Party, led by Vasil Bilak, wrote two letters requesting urgent assistance from the Soviet Union to thwart the imminent "counterrevolution" in Czechoslovakia. Both letters were addressed to Leonid Brezhnev, the general secretary of the Soviet Communist Party (CPSU), and both were written in Russian to ensure that they would be read promptly. The first (and more important) letter was signed by Bilak and four of his colleagues: Drahomir Kolder, Alois Indra, Oldrich Svestka, and Antonin Kapek. Brezhnev later used the letter as a formal justification for the impending military invasion of Czechoslovakia.
February 8, 1969	Military Exercise Specific Plan for the Coordination of the Air Defense Forces of the Polish People's Republic and the Northern Group of Forces This document sets out plans to coordinate the air defense forces of the Soviet Union, Poland, East Germany and Czechoslovakia. Coordination primarily includes, for example, the mutual exchange of information regarding detection, tracking, and actions of enemy targets.

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United States. Central Intelligence Agency 41

Pavlíček, Vladimir 20

Czechoslovakia. Communist Party (CPCz) 17

Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich 13

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich 11

Soviet Union 225

Eastern Europe 72

Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia 82

Prague Spring, 1968 76

Intelligence Operations in the Cold War 45

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe 39

End of the Cold War 36