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Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

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Sino-Soviet Relations

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

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The Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2012.

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Aerial view of National Mall

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Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin and the Cold War

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898 - 1976

China and the Soviet Union in Xinjiang, 1934-1949

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China and the End of World War II

Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1950-1959

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879 - 1953

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Mao, Zedong

1893 - 1976

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Tsedenbal, Yumjaagiyn

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Batmönkh, Jambyn

1926 - 1997

American diplomat William Averell Harriman

Harriman, W. Averell (William Averell)

1891 - 1986

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January 29, 1968	Record of Conversation between Mongolian Deputy Foreign Minister Chimiddorj and the Counselor of the Soviet Embassy Basmanov on the USS Pueblo Crisis Mongolian Deputy Foreign Minister D. Chimiddorj meets with Counselor of the Soviet Embassy, M.I. Basmanov to discuss North Korea's conflict with the US over the capture of the USS Pueblo. Basmanov describes the Soviet Embassy's involvement acting as a go-between for the United States and North Korea.
December 14, 1962	Mongolian Embassy in Moscow, Record of Conversation between the Mongolian Ambassador to the Soviet Union and Cuba’s Minister of Foreign Trade Alberto Mora Becerra Mongolian Ambassador in Moscow Luvsan and the visiting Cuban Minister of Foreign Trade Alberto Mora make plans for future trade negotiations between Mongolia and Cuba. They also discuss the aftermath of the Cuban Missile Crisis and the effect of the US embargo on Cuba's trade relations with Latin American countries and the sale of its sugar harvest.
May 6, 1987	Czechoslovak Translation of the Soviet Report on the Tenth Round of Soviet-Chinese Consultations in Moscow This report outlines the April 1987 Sino-Soviet consultations, with an emphasis on the desire of both the Soviet and the Chinese side to improve mutual relations. However, the Chinese side accuses the Soviet Union of illegal interference in Cambodia. The Soviet Union, in turn, declines responsibility for the Cambodian situation. The participants also discuss the problem of Soviet troop deployments in Afghanistan and Mongolia, which impede Sino-Soviet cooperation.
May 15, 1985	Czechoslovak Translation of Soviet Report on the Sixth Round of Soviet-Chinese Consultations in Moscow This report on Soviet-Chinese consultations in Moscow includes Soviet proposals to improve the relationship with China, including the establishment of a military expert commission on border questions. However, the Chinese delegation insists that the Soviet Union cease supporting Mongolia, Afghanistan, Vietnam, and Cambodia. The author concludes that mutual cooperation has not been substantially improved as a result of the consultations.
December 1, 1965	Mongolian Politburo Resolution and Letter to the Soviet leadership requesting Soviet troops be stationed on Mongolian soil to defend against possible attack. Mongolian Politburo Resolution and the Letter from Mongolian First Secretary Yu Tsedenbal to the Soviet leadership requesting one additional Soviet military unit to be stationed on Mongolian soil and at Soviet expense in order to reinforce the defense capabilities of the Mongolian People's Republic.
November 29, 1954	Record of Conversation with Prime Minister of the Mongolian People's Republic, Comrade Tsedenbal. (fragments) Soviet Ambassador to Mongolia, Vasily Pisarev, reports on the discussions between Mongolian leader Tsedenbal and Chinese Deputy Prime Minister Ulanfu on Sino-Mongolian Cooperation. The ambassador reports Tsedenbal's request that China send 20,000 Chinese workers to settle in Mongolia and work in Mongolian factories. (fragments)
February 24, 1956	Excerpts from Tsedenbal's diary on his conversation with Soviet leader Anastas Mikoyan on Soviet Economic Cooperation and Aid to the People's Republic of Mongolia (Fragments) Tsedenbal's diary entry on his conversation with Anastas Mikoyan regarding Soviet economic aid and cooperation with the Mongolian People's Republic. Tsedenbal asks Mikoyan to forgive upcoming payments due and provide additional materials and Soviet workers for construction of railroads. Mikoyan tells Tsedenbal that the Soviets will help, but that Mongolia must prepare its own workforce and not be dependent on Soviet or Chinese help. The two also discuss trade issues and Chinese designs on Mongolia.
June 14, 1979	Telegram No. 149, Embassy of Hungary in India to the Hungarian Foreign Ministry Description of a meeting between the Mongolian Ambassador and the Foreign Ministry of India. The Ministry was concerned about a trip by the Dalai Lama to Mongolia and the Soviet Union.
September 3, 1952	Minutes of Conversation between I.V. Stalin and Zhou Enlai Conversation between Stalin and Zhou Enlai on the Chinese Five-Year Plan, the Ulan-Bator-Pinditsiuan railroad, and arms sales/production. They also discussed the Korean war, Burma, and Tibet.
August 20, 1952	Minutes of Conversation between I.V. Stalin and Zhou Enlai Conversation between Stalin and Zhou Enlai concerning the extension of the Port Arthur agreement, the construction of a Sino-Mongolian railroad to the Soviet Union, and the situation in Korea. On the issue of Korea, they discussed sending arms shipments to China and Chinese arms production; the possibility of a Chinese offensive in Korea; and the return of POWs. Stalin reaffirmed his commitment to assisting China in the war in Korea.