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Eastern Europe

Albania

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

Sino-Soviet Relations

Trade agreement between European Economic Community and China

China-Europe Relations

Zhao Ziyang on a tour of East Germany in June 1987.

China-Eastern Europe Relations

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Eastern Europe

Yugoslavia

The Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2012.

Southeast Asia

Vietnam

Chinese revolutionary ballet

China's Cultural Revolution, 1966-1976

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893 - 1976

Conversations with Mao Zedong

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Hoxha, Enver

1908 - 1985

Nikita Khrushchev at the UNGA, 1962.

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich

1894 - 1971

Josip Broz Tito, 1961

Tito, Josip Broz

1892 - 1980

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

-

Kim Il Sung, 1978

Kim, Il Sung

1912 - 1994

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November 28, 1964	Reception of the Party Delegation of the Cuba Government by the Prime Minister, on 28.11.1964 The reception celebrated the visit of a Cuban party delegation to Albania on the 20th anniversary of Albania’s liberation. The discussions highlighted the revolutionary parallels between the two nations, with admiration for Cuba's success in overcoming significant challenges to build socialism under Fidel Castro’s leadership. Both parties emphasized their commitment to Marxism-Leninism and the importance of ideological revolution, while also discussing Cuba's strategies to advance agriculture, livestock production, and education amidst the economic blockade by imperialist forces. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
February 17, 1970	Protocol of the Conversations Between Comrade Todor Zhivkov - First Secretary of the Central Committee of the BKP and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the PRB, and Comrade Gustav Husak - First Secretary of the Central Committee of the KSČ The protocol summarizes the discussions between Todor Zhivkov, representing Bulgaria, and Gustav Husak, representing Czechoslovakia, during Zhivkov's visit to Prague in February 1970. The talks addressed internal party and economic developments in both countries, focusing on consolidating socialist principles and addressing challenges like economic planning and international relations. The leaders emphasized enhancing bilateral cooperation through economic specialization and cultural exchange and reaffirmed their commitment to Marxism-Leninism and solidarity with the Soviet Union. The visit reinforced their shared vision for strengthening socialist unity and addressing international challenges collaboratively. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
February 16, 1968	Transcript of Discussions between Comrade Paul Niculescu-Mizil and Comrade Boris N. Ponomarev, Secretary of the CC of the CPSU The Romanian Communist Party representatives expressed concerns about the upcoming world conference of communist and workers' parties. They worried about limited participation from key parties, including Cuba, potential divisions over controversial issues, and the impact of criticism and condemnation. To address these concerns, they proposed a more cautious approach, focusing on common ground and avoiding divisive topics. They suggested limiting the Budapest consultative meeting to an exchange of views and postponing binding decisions to a later date. The document also highlights concerns about Cuban interference in the internal affairs of other communist parties. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
1962	Information on the Situation in the United Revolutionary Organizations of Cuba An Albanian party report testified to the worsening Soviet-Cuban relations in the wake of the missiles’ withdrawal, zeroing in on the “enraged” Fidel, who believed the Soviet leader treated Cuba not as a socialist country but as a satellite state
August 1961	Record of Conversations between Cde. N. S. Khrushchev, First Secretary of the CPSU CC, and Ho Chi Minh, Chairman of the CC of the VWP Khrushchev and Ho Chi Minh discuss global tensions around imperialism, nuclear disarmament, and peace talks over Germany. They review worsening Soviet relations with Albania and China, as Albania aligns with Beijing and Western powers. The leaders also address the conflicts in Laos and South Vietnam, balancing support for revolutionary forces with concerns over provoking US intervention.
July 3, 1961	Record of Conversation between N.S. Khrushchev and Pham Van Dong Pham informs Khrushchev of the various independence movements in Asia, such as the politics of Laos, and in Vietnam. He then debriefs Khrushchev about the relations between Vietnamese intelligentsia and the Communist Party. With regards to Communists in China, the two parties discuss the failure of the communes project.
June 27, 1961	Record of Conversation between N.S. Khrushchev and Prime Minister Pham Van Dong of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam Pham Van Dong thanks Khrushchev for the Soviet help to Vietnamese people. Khrushchev talks about politics around the world, particularly, in the socialist countries such as Albania and China. He claims that the relationship with China is improving. Khrushchev also mentions that he discussed Indian politics with Mao. He criticizes the politics of Stalin toward China.
April 18, 1963	Report by the Department of Soviet and Eastern European Affairs, Chinese Foreign Ministry, 'Recent Situation in Romania' The Department of Soviet and Eastern European Affairs says that the Soviet Union and Romania are in conflict over CMEA, and reports on Romania's recent positions towards China, Albania, and Yugoslavia.
November 24, 1964	Cable from the Chinese Embassy in Romania, 'Summary Report on Romania’s Reaction to the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union' The Chinese Embassy in Bucharest reports on Romania's views of de-Stalinization, Albania, and China.
May 31, 1962	Cable from the Chinese Embassy in Romania, 'General Report about the Situation in Romania' (Excerpts) The Chinese Embassy in Romania offers its perspectives on Romania's policies towards China, India, Albania, Yugoslavia, the United Kingdom, and Austria.