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Cuban Foreign Relations

Andrei Gromyko at the UN, 1981

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Nikita Khrushchev at the UNGA, 1962.

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A photo of Henry Kissinger from 1975

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Bulganin, Nikolay Aleksandrovich

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October 22, 1968	Letter from Dr. Baumann to Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs Gen. Dr. Kiesewetter In a confidential letter to Deputy Minister Dr. Kiesewetter, Dr. Baumann discusses Cuba’s evolving relationship with socialist countries following Fidel Castro’s August 23, 1968, speech, which supported the USSR's actions in Czechoslovakia. While Cuba's stance brought it tactically closer to the Soviet bloc, ideological differences persist. Internal pressures, economic challenges, and pragmatic needs have led the Communist Party of Cuba (CPC) to adopt a more flexible approach in relations with socialist nations, signaling an interest in strengthening state and party ties. Baumann notes this shift as an opportunity for fostering mutual understanding and cooperation, although fundamental disagreements remain unchanged. The CPC's evolving conduct reflects both external influences and internal necessities, marking a cautious yet significant recalibration of its foreign policy. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
February 3, 1968	Embassy of the GDR in the Republic of Cuba, 'Draft of a Concept for the Plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Cuba from 24 to 26 January 1968' This document provides an analysis of the ideological and political developments in Cuba during the late 1960s, highlighting tensions within the Communist Party of Cuba (CPC) and its strained relations with other socialist countries. It emphasizes that Cuba, under Fidel Castro, was unwavering in its revolutionary agenda despite setbacks such as Che Guevara's death, seeking to export its revolution while distancing itself from Marxist-Leninist orthodoxy. Domestically, the Cuban leadership prioritized economic stabilization and internal political consolidation, using military-like methods to address supply issues and promote agricultural output. The document also critiques the CPC's suppression of dissent, exemplified by its handling of the so-called "micro-fraction," and warns of worsening relations between Cuba and its socialist allies, particularly the USSR and the GDR, as the Cuban leadership pursued an independent, "Fidelist" ideological line. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
October 2, 1957	Memorandum by Frank Aiken [on an Interview with Scott McCleod and the Taoiseach] Aiken made an immediate impression on his arrival in the Twelfth Session of the UN General Assembly in September 1957. He adopted an impartial posture of assessing each issue on its merits and campaigning to remodel international politics around self-determination, humanitarianism, and peace. His exhortation was that only the UN had the moral authority and political legitimacy to put forward global solutions. While he did not propose nuclear disarmament measures specifically, his intent was signaled by his recommendation for a mutual drawback of foreign forces (including their nuclear weapons) in central Europe and his endorsement of a proposal to discuss the representation of China in the United Nations. The Eisenhower administration was hostile to Aiken’s course as outlined in the U.S. ambassador’s audience with Taoiseach Eamon de Valera and Aiken in Dublin on 2 October. The record underlines the Irish concerns about accidental nuclear war due to the proximity of opposing U.S. and Soviet forces in central Europe.
August 29, 1984	Mielke, 'Political Operative Security of the Leadership of Illegally Fighting Communist and Workers’ Parties Staying in the GDR, as well as their Covert Activities' Head of the Stasi (MfS), Erich Mielke, orders the Main Department II of the MfS to support and monitor political operatives of Communist and Workers' parties forbidden in their home countries and staying in the GDR.
July 17, 1957	Record of a Conversation between N.S. Khrushchev and Ho Chi Minh, President of the DRV, at 1100 17 July 1957 The leaders talk about the Geneva Accords and General Vo Nguyen Giap's travels. Ho Chi Minh asks Khrushchev about Soviet economic and political support to North Vietnam, as well as Soviet relations with other socialist countries. Ho Chi Minh takes personal culpability for a bureaucratic issue which caused the imprisonment and deaths of party members.
December 10, 1957	Letter, Nikolai Bulganin to Dwight D. Eisenhower Bulganin proposes a halt on nuclear tests among the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom beginning on January 1, 1958.
October 16, 1986	Statute on the Inter-Governmental Commission to Coordinate the Work of the PRB, HPR, GDR, PPR, USSR, and CSSR on Export Control on a Multi-Party Basis This statute creates an inter-governmental commission aimed at coordinating the efforts of the People's Republic of Bulgaria, the Hungarian People’s Republic, the German Democratic Republic, the Polish People’s Republic, the USSR, and the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic to prevent exports that might be used by capitalist or developing countries to reach their military or economic potentials.
August 22, 1979	Order, Minister for State Security, Iraqi Citizens in the GDR Minster for State Security Mielke orders the protection of Iraqi citizens in the GDR following reports that the Baath Party "has supposedly decided to persecute and physically liquidate members of the Communist Party of Iraq who live in foreign countries."
June 18, 1961	Appendix to 'Summary of Meeting between Ambassador to Arab States Kiesewetter and General Secretary Belhocine and Head of Bureau Waker' Note from Algeria's Socialist Countries Bureau describing the June 17, 1961 meeting with the GDR Ambassador to Arab Countries. Note explains that the East German government is contemplating the unilateral "de jure" recognition of Algeria's government, and recommends that Algeria does not oppose this recognition.
May 16, 1961	Summary of Meeting between Third Secretary Hassenkhe and Head of Socialist Countries Bureau Yaker Summary of 27 April 1961 meeting between East German Third Secretary, Hassenkhe, and Algerian Head of Socialist Countries Bureau, Layachi Yaker. Algerian government describes Algerian socialist organizations as "counter-revolutionary." Summary references East German establishment of Red Cross delegation in Morocco as unofficial channel for providing Algeria with material assistance.