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Eastern Europe

Serbia

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Eastern Europe

Yugoslavia

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Western Europe

Germany

Helmut Kohl addresses the United Nations, June 1997.

Helmut Kohl Transcripts

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Eastern Europe

Croatia

Boris Yeltsin at the United Nations, October 1995

Yeltsin, Boris

1931 - 2007

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Western Europe

France

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Eastern Europe

Bosnia and Herzegovina

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Hartmann, Peter

1935 -

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Milošević, Slobodan

1941 - 2006

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

-

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Tuđman, Franjo

1922 - 1999

George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931 - 2022

Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

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May 12, 1993	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Telephone Conversation with Russian President Yeltsin on 11 May 1993 17.30-17.40 hours Kohl's request for Yeltsin is to put more political pressure on the Bosnian Serbs.
May 7, 1993	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with U.S. Secretary of State Christopher on Thursday, 6 May 1993 Kohl and Christopher discuss various scenarios in the search for peace in former Yugoslavia after the failure of the Vance/Owen plan. They debate whether Russia would perhaps accept a lifting of the arms embargo for the Muslims in Bosnia. Moreover, they discuss the state of Germany's domestic debate on out-of-area missions.
April 19, 1993	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Telephone Conversation with French President Mitterrand on Monday, 19 April, 13.45-13.55 hours Kohl and Mitterrand discuss NATO's surprising decision to call for Turkish fighter aircraft in the mission to control Bosnia-Hercegovina's airspace. Both criticize the fact that the decision was taken by the military without political consultations. Both Kohl and Mitterrand believe that "this was to wrong way to bring back Turkey to the Balkans."
March 15, 1993	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Telephone Conversation with French President Mitterrand on Monday, 15 March 1993 Kohl and Mitterrand review the latter's meeting with Milosevic in Paris and the lack of results in the French dialogue with the Serbian leadership.
January 12, 1993	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with Secretary General of the United Nations, Dr. Boutros-Ghali, on Monday, 11 January 1993 Kohl and Ghali discuss Germany's international position after unification and the end of the Cold War. Kohl argues that many were surprised by the return of "old demons" in former Yugoslavia. He emphasizes the long-term objective of establish a new sort of European crisis management excluding a repetition of violent conflicts. This was the rational for his strong engagement in favor of the Maastricht Treaty.
November 27, 1992	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with Yugoslav Prime Minister Milan Panic on Thursday, 26 November 1992 Kohl and Panic review the situation in Yugoslavia and Panic's standing in the domestic struggle with Milosevic. Panic emphasizes his readiness to recognize Slovenia and Croatia reiterating that a democratic Yugoslavia could be a catalyst for peace in the entire region. Kohl remains doubtful arguing that Milosevic would not support such a policy.
October 23, 1992	Meeting between ChefBK Bohl and Secretary of Defense Cheney on 22 October 1992, 9:40-10:40 Hours Bohl and Cheney assess the impact of the Yugoslavia war. Bohl emphasizes that lack of the EC consensus on fundamental security issues in contrast to its ability to regulate questions of trade and finance. He argues that this could do massive harm to the European integration project in general. Moreover, Bohl and Cheney discuss German domestic problems with NATO out-of-area missions.
June 30, 1992	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with French President Mitterrand over Breakfast on Saturday, 27 June 1992 Mitterrand emphasizes that Yugoslavia could turn into "a second Vietnam” in case of a Western military intervention. He questions the rational of U.S. and British policy in the Balkans and rejects France's military involvement. Kohl rules out Germany's participation in military operations.
December 9, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with Croatian President Franjo Tudjman on Thursday, 6 December 1991 Kohl and Tudman examine the situation in the Yugoslavia War and the state of EC sanctions against Yugoslavia. They discuss Germany's forthcoming recognition of Croatia. In addition, they review the correlation of military forces between Croatia and the Yugoslavian People's Army.
November 25, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with the President of Bosnia-Hercegovina, Mr. Alia Izetbegovic, Bonn, 22 November 1991, 12.00 - 13.10 Hours Kohl and Izetbegovic discuss the Yugoslavia War, EC sanctions, the potential extension of the war including Bosnia-Hercegovina as well as ideas for a "Marshall Plan" after the end of the war.