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Egyptian Pyramids

Northern Africa

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Photograph of the Port of Jaffa in Israel.

Middle East

Israel

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North America

United States

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Photograph of Sayyida Zainab bin Imam Ali Ibn Abi Talib Shrine.

Middle East

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Photograph of Gamal Abdel Nasser

Nasser, Gamal Abdel

1918 - 1970

Zhou Enlai and Gamal Abdel Nasser

China and the Middle East/North Africa

Emir Farid Chehab

Emir Farid Chehab Collection

The Six-Day War (1967)

A photo of Henry Kissinger from 1975

Kissinger, Henry

1923 -

Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906 - 1982

Nikita Khrushchev Collection

Conversations with Zhou Enlai

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James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS)

1989 -

Anatoly Dobrynin, 1977

Dobrynin, Anatoly Fedorovich

1919 - 2010

Emblem of the People's Republic of China

China. State Council

1954 -

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Documents

July 1955	Report on the Activity of the Czech Commercial Delegation in Cairo The report discusses a request by Egypt for arms from the USSR. The Soviet Union denied the request, but forwarded it to Czechoslovakia for consideration.
August 9, 1955	Memorandum of a conversation between the Soviet Ambassador to Egypt D.S. Solod and the Egyptian Prime Minister G. Nasser President Nasser discusses Western interference in the Arab world and describes Egypt as an island surrounded by imperialist waves. Despite this, he claims Egypt will remain independent and neutral.
August 22, 1955	Memorandum of Conversation between the Soviet Ambassador to Egypt D.S. Solod and the director of the Prime Minister’s office, A. Sabri President Nasser criticizes the Israeli attack at the Gaza strip which involves Egyptian soldiers. He requests immediate military aid from the Soviet Union in case of future incidents by Israeli or British forces.
September 15, 1955	Memorandum of Conversation between the Soviet Ambassador in Egypt D.S. Solod and Egypt’s Prime Minister G. Nasser President Nasser discusses a Soviet-Egyptian arms deal and claims he is pleased with the agreement. However, he worries that Britain will no longer supply arms to Egypt as a result of this agreement.
February 5, 1972	Notes of the Discussion Between President Tito and President Sadat
August 15, 1956	Ministry for State Security, Main Department II, ‘Egypt’ The economic relations between the GDR and the Republic of Egypt are presented, starting with the trade agreement signed on May 7, 1953, and the exchange of consular representation. Political relations between the countries were hindered, according to the report, by pressure from the FRG on Egypt and the question of whether recognizing the GDR meant creating a deeper split between the FRG and the GDR. The report also mentions problems in meeting the export and import plans set forth in the trade agreement, including unpunctuality on the side of the GDR’s trade missions. The report states that Nasser enjoys great popularity in his country as a result of his position towards the West, social politics within the country, cooperation with other Arab countries and improvements in the industrial sector. This is followed by a detailed description of Egypt’s political situation and a proposition to extend political and economic cooperation while trying to reduce the influence of the West. Finally, the report recommends continued rejection of Israel's demands for compensation.
June 28, 1967	The Visit of the Czechoslovak President's Special Envoy, V. Koucki, to the UAR The document summarizes Czechoslovak Politburo Secretary Vladimir Koucki's conversations with UAR President Gamal A. Nasser, Vice President Zakaria Muhi al-Din,and Arab Socialist Union (ASU) Secretary Ali Sabri during his visit to the UAR. The conversations concerned the Arab-Israeli War of 1967 and the UAR's military and economic situation. Koucki draws three conclusions about the UAR's position, mentioning pressure from internal and external reactionary forces and the lagging national economy. The appendix contains a report on military issues raised during a conversation between the commander of the UAR armed forces, General Muhammad Fawzi, and General Miroslav Smoldash of the Czech delegation. Koucki attributes Egypt's defeat in the war to technical and tactical weaknesses of the military leadership. He recommends that Czech cooperation with the UAR include economic support, military training, and delivery of military equipment.
June 2007	A Directive from the Centre. Folder 79. The Chekist Anthology. This 25 April 1974 directive from the Centre is attributed to an author identified as “Sviridov.” It was sent to KGB Line A residencies in Beirut, Cairo, Damascus, Baghdad, Aden, Samaa, and others, and contains instructions for planning “active measures.” “Sviridov” identified a variety of channels through which the KGB could influence Middle Eastern governments, militaries, and political groups, while suppressing anti-Soviet groups. Additionally, the residencies were instructed to plan active measures in advance to prepare for future contingencies. In an explanatory note, Mitrokhin explains that “Sviridov” is a pseudonym for then KGB Chairman Yuriy Andropov, and that Line A is the arm of the KGB concerned with active measures intended to influence foreign countries.
April 22, 1980	Minutes of Conversation between Todor Zhivkov and Hafez Al-Assad, Damascus The two leaders talk about recent developments in the Middle East, US-Arab relations, and Soviet support for Arab regimes.
January 31, 1953	Political Directive for the Delegation of the GDR to Conclude a Trade Agreement with the Egyptian Government The directive mentions the rules for a GDR delegation visiting Egypt. The goal of the visit was the conclusion of a trade agreement advantageous to both countries. The delegates had to reject any discriminatory remarks against the GDR and other socialist countries, observe the press coverage about the meeting, pay close attention to political remarks, not contact other Germans in Egypt, and contact East Berlin if problems were to occur.

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United States 124

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China and the Middle East/North Africa 41

Emir Farid Chehab Collection 38

The Six-Day War (1967) 32

ACRS Oral History Project 22

Conversations with Zhou Enlai 22