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Western Europe

France

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

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Western Europe

Great Britain

French Nuclear History

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Western Europe

Germany

Helmut Kohl addresses the United Nations, June 1997.

Helmut Kohl Transcripts

Nuclear Proliferation

Handshake between Zhao Ziyang, on the right, and Etienne Davignon

China-Western Europe Relations

Photo of the Geneva Conference of 1954

Geneva Conference of 1954

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United States. Executive Office of the President

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Trade agreement between European Economic Community and China

China-Europe Relations

François Mitterrand in 1983

Mitterrand, François

1916 - 1996

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United States. Department of State

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Hartmann, Peter

1935 -

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931 - 2022

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898 - 1976

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Documents

May 22, 1967	Report on French Trade with the Socialist Bloc Summary of an article from the newspaper Il Sole (2.14.1967) regarding the outlook for French trade relations with the Communist Bloc. the report was forwarded by manea Manescu, Vice-President of the Council of Ministers to Nicolae Ceausescu, Secretary General, CC RCP
November 2, 1978	'US Demarche on Pakistani Reprocessing Plant,' US Embassy Paris cable 36143 to State Department Comments by French advisor Jacomet on the State Department's demarche on Pakistani nuclear development. Jacomet stated that the French government was planning a similar demarche. He was most concerned about the response of Italy and West Germany.
November 4, 1978	'US Demarche on Pakistani Reprocessing Plant,' Department of State cable 281962 to US Embassy United Kingdom et al. U.S. demarche and "non-paper" on Pakistan's attempts to complete the plutonium reprocessing plant and develop nuclear weapons. Sent to 12 countries to ensure that they "exercise vigilance and appropriate control to deter Pakistan from acquiring sensitive facilities."
October 1983	Memorandum comparing the Soviet Intermediate Nuclear Forces and the Anglo – French forces capable of reaching the Soviet Union. A comparison between the Soviet Intermediate Nuclear Forces and the Anglo – French system capable of reaching the Soviet Union. The memo uses data to demonstrate that the Soviet INF outnumbered by far NATO nuclear forces.
February 5, 1949	Memorandum of Conversation between Anastas Mikoyan and Mao Zedong Anastas Mikoyan and Mao Zedong discuss the role of foreign capital in China, Chinese intelligentsia, the role of criticism and self-criticism in the CCP, CCP tasks in the army, the level of China's industrial development, the Chinese attitude toward foreign property, and the road and character of the Chinese revolution. (Day)
June 1961	Record of proceedings between the Soviet KGB and the Interior Ministry of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic on the expansion of intelligence cooperation This document chronicles what was discussed between the KGB and Czechoslovak Interior Ministry concerning the coordination of intelligence and counter-intelligence acquisition and joint implementation of some of these measures. Global foreign policy and intelligence measures are discussed in places as diverse as the USA, NATO countries, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, the Vatican, Guatemala, Cuba, the Congo, Angola, Indonesia, India, England and France. The Czechoslovak Socialist Republic and the Soviet Union pledge to fight perceived imperialist threats from the USA in Latin America, Africa, the Near and Middle East and Southeast Asia. The document lists companies of interest to the two parties, primarily scientific, armament and machine factories and companies.
July 27, 1973	Memorandum of Conversation with Robert Galley, July 27, 1973 Transcript of a conversation between French Minister of Armed Forces Galley and U.S. officials, including Kissinger and Schlesinger. Galley says that the French are making progress and have benefited from their talks with Foster. Kissinger notes that the U.S. has a “cooperative spirit” with regards to French foreign policy. Galley notes the advances that have been made by the French and asks for aid with modernization of their forces to bring the French to the same level as the U.S., specifically in regards to missile hardening, underground testing, and submarines, among others. Kissinger notes that now that the French have missile technology, it is in the best interest of the U.S. that it be effective and not become irrelevant, but there is strong opposition not only from abroad but at home, as well. Kissinger wants to know how long the French can keep their advances a secret, and Galley notes that many things have already been kept secret and can continue to be kept as such. They end the discussion with talks about meeting again sometime in August.
August 9, 1973	Memorandum of Conversation, 'French Nuclear Discussion' Transcript of conversation between Kissinger and Schlesinger. Kissinger wants to make Galley "drool" by keeping him interested without actually giving anything up. Kissinger worries about what the British want in terms of Polaris and notes that putting the French on the same footing as the U.S. would scare the British enough to get their point across.
August 17, 1973	Memorandum of Conversation, 'Visit of French Defense Minister Galley; Strategic Programs' Kissinger wants to help the French without giving them too much. Foster thinks that the French have the worst missile program in the world, while the Chinese have the best. He thinks the best thing we can do is to look at their designs and offer suggestions, especially in regards to forming their objectives and planning how to meet them. Foster notes that any help we give to the French is perceived as a full commitment, so Kissinger warns that we must remain “cold-blooded.”
August 24, 1973	Memorandum, from Holsey G. Handyside, Director of Politico-Military Affairs, Office of Atomic Energy and Aerospace, to Seymour Weiss, 'Speculation: Possibility of High Level Contact Between US and French Governments' This speculates on the French/U.S. missile connection and notes that Blancard is probably a key player, having most likely met with officials in Washington. Blancard would have reported any such talks to Galley, and so Schlesinger will need to be properly informed about the situation before meeting with Galley.

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United States. Executive Office of the President 36

Mitterrand, François 33

United States. Department of State 28

Hartmann, Peter 27

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United States 291

Soviet Union 164

Great Britain 127

French Nuclear History 98

Helmut Kohl Transcripts 54

Nuclear Proliferation 48

China-Western Europe Relations 40

Geneva Conference of 1954 37