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Photograph of Azadi Tower

Middle East

Iran

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Iran-Soviet Relations

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North America

United States

Iran's Tudeh Party

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People's Party of Iran (Tudeh)

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Photograph of the Hands of Victory Monument in Baghdad.

Middle East

Iraq

Saddam on the Phone in 1988

The Saddam Files

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Middle East

Lebanon

Photograph of the Port of Jaffa in Israel.

Middle East

Israel

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The Iran/Azerbaijian Crisis, 1946

Kofi Annan and Saddam Hussein

Hussein, Saddam

1937 - 2006

Japan and the U.S. Hostage Crisis in Lebanon

Helmut Kohl addresses the United Nations, June 1997.

Helmut Kohl Transcripts

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Germany (East). Ministry for State Security (Stasi)

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Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931 - 2022

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United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran

1919 - 1980

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August 9, 1988	Saddam and Ba'th Party Members Discussing the Iraqi Victory in the Iran-Iraq War Saddam and Ba'th Party officials discuss the outcome of the Iran-Iraq War and the damage inflicted on Iran.
Date unknown	Meeting presided by Saddam Hussein and Iraqi Officials This undated audio file is of a meeting presided by Saddam Hussein and attended by several Iraqi officials discussing the following issues: the Iran-Iraq War, trying to avoid damage to Iraqi Oil Establishments, and attacks on al-Basrah and Iraqi Oil Establishments in 1979. Discussions also cover Iraqi water borders, internal development within Iraq, Arab potential to develop nuclear weapons and the impact of such a program, the Arab-Israeli conflict, and peace operations around the world and particularly the Arab world.
March 14, 2023	Interview with Joseph Cirincione In this interview, Joseph Cirincione discusses his career trajectory and involvement in nuclear disarmament, focusing on his work with the Ploughshares Fund to influence U.S. nuclear policy. He highlights the importance of networking and funding coordination among disarmament groups to achieve policy milestones, such as the New START treaty and the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). Cirincione explains the current challenges facing the disarmament movement, including the resurgence of nuclear arms races fueled by Russia and China and the limited resources and unity within U.S. civil society on this issue. He also expresses concern about the long-term future of nuclear disarmament, indicating that substantial organizational restructuring is needed to sustain momentum. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
January 24, 2023	Interview with David Shorr In this interview, David Shorr discusses his career in nuclear arms control and philanthropy, touching on the challenges and successes of efforts to reduce nuclear risks. He reflects on how philanthropic support and advocacy efforts have evolved, noting that consistent, strategic groundwork is critical despite setbacks. Shorr emphasizes the importance of incremental progress in nuclear disarmament while recognizing that broader political and social conditions often limit immediate impact. He also considers the possibility of a future without nuclear weapons, highlighting the role of interdependence and collective security in shaping such a world. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
December 29, 1999	Cable, Secretary of State to the US Embassy Moscow, 'Memorandum of Conversation -- Meeting between the Deputy Secretary and Russian Prime Minister Putin, Moscow, 22 December 1999' Putin and Talbott discuss the Russian Duma elections, Chechnya, Georgia, Iran's nuclear program, and START-2.
Date unknown	Meeting over dinner between Saddam Hussein and unidentified military individuals during the war with Iran This file contains a meeting over dinner between Saddam Hussein and unidentified military individuals during the war with Iran. Saddam reviewed the latest updates in the field of the Air Force. He discussed the specifications of air‐to‐air missiles of the F‐14 Iranian jet fighter and the general merits of using such jets compared to other types of jet planes. The attendees also discussed the historical performance of other Arab militaries, Israeli military proficiency, and other subjects related to the war.
December 3, 1989	Dialogues between Saddam Hussein, Iraqi ambassadors and journalists in foreign countries This file contains dialogues between Saddam Hussein and Iraqi ambassadors in foreign countries. This period contains an Iraqi ambassador comment on the Zionist influence in the United States. He stated that the American brains were conducting the Zionism in the United States. He added that the Jewish immigration whether to Israel or to the United states would create a threat on the Arab Countries. Saddam commented that the Soviet Jewish immigration to these states would decrease because the regime has changed in the Soviet Union. He said that Israel wished the Berlin wall would move to the States of the Middle East. Their target was to eliminate the wall separating them from the Arab States. He added that the democratic changes were continuously occurring. He gave an example about a protest in Czechoslovakia. It leads to the resignation of 11 Ministers of the Czechoslovakian government. Saddam answered that when a protest occurred in the Yarmuk City, Iraq, the Revolutionary Command Council considered carefully how to deal with the protest. . Israel was afraid from the Iraqi evolution to a technologically developed country. Saddam stated that every new power appearing in the world might threaten the two existent enormous poles. That was the reason Iraq fought. This period contains the Saddam declaration on the ambassadors' freedom to express their opinions. He also noticed that they were well prepared for the discussion. He added that the good preparation for the conferences was the key of their success.
May 3, 1989	Baath Party meeting 05/03/1989 Saddam Hussein talks about Baath Ideology This file contains a meeting between Saddam and his Bath Party members: The record starts at 00:01:30. Saddam talked about Bath Party ideology and dogma. He said that Bath Party achieves all theories of religions and divine messages sent to human race. It isn't an atheist party but rather it is a monotheist party. It is a party which is parallel to religions; however it isn't a religious party. It expresses the unity of Arabs. Then he talked about Iran and the Iranian revolution which overthrown the royal regime. Me Iranian religious system is a double edged weapon that benefits and harms the Arabs at the same time but it will be harmful if the Bath party doesn't do its role. The track is blank from 00:44:40 until 00:45:05.At 00:45:06 the record is back again but this time unidentified man was speaking. Ile talked about Islam. He talked about the historical conflict between the Muslim eastern Arabic world and the Christian west. Then he talked about Khomeini and his ideology. The record finishes at 01:27:50. 01:27:50 to 01:30:02 the track is blank.
March 1979	The Arabstan (Arabs in Southern Iran) in Al-Ahwaz Area Calling for Independence This file contains General Military Intelligence Directorate reports and cables concerning the political situation of Arabstan in Al-Ahwaz Area in Iran and their calling for independence. The file also contains surveillance reports regarding various Iranian troops' movements and activities.
May 11, 1983	Meeting between Saddam Hussein and various Iraqi Military Leaders This file contains a transcription for a meeting between Saddam Hussein and the head of the Iraqi army, during the Iraqi‐Iranian War. Pages 2‐5 contain a detailed summary of the file written in English. Pages 6‐7 contain names of high‐ranking officers, for unspecified reason. Page 8 contains the register's number (64), the year (1983), and the transcript's number (1‐3). Pages 9 and 60 contain the names of the committee, which transcribe the meeting. Page 10 contains the index of the register, the tape's number (1), the date of recording (11/ 05/ 1983), and the codes. Page 11 contains names of personnel attending a meeting. Pages 12‐15 contain discussions between Saddam Hussein and Air Forces commander concerning the exploding of Iranian oil Fields by bombing it with missiles. They also include orders by Saddam Hussein to destroy the Ardishir oil Field. Pages 16‐22 contain discussions between saddam Hussein, the chief Army of Staff, the Deputy chief Army of Staff, and the military Operation Director concerning the formation and the training of Brigades and Sectors and the activities on certain fronts. They also discussed the problems that soldiers face on the battleground because of the high number of casualties and destroyed weapons, so the battleground became infected. For the rest of the document, they also discussed the status of the battleground, weapons, deliveries, targeted Iranian locations. Andimeshk and Dezful are mentioned repeatedly.