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Photograph of the Hands of Victory Monument in Baghdad.

Middle East

Iraq

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Saddam on the Phone in 1988

The Saddam Files

Kofi Annan and Saddam Hussein

Hussein, Saddam

1937 - 2006

Photograph of Azadi Tower

Middle East

Iran

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Photograph of the Port of Jaffa in Israel.

Middle East

Israel

Photograph of the city of Kuwait.

Middle East

Kuwait

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Gulf War, 1990-1991

Helmut Kohl addresses the United Nations, June 1997.

Helmut Kohl Transcripts

Emir Farid Chehab

Emir Farid Chehab Collection

Iranian soldiers in the Iran-Iraq War

Iran-Iraq War

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931 - 2022

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Aziz, Tariq

-

Official portrait for President George H.W. Bush, 1989.

Bush, George H.W.

1924 - 2018

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Hartmann, Peter

1935 -

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Kaifu, Toshiki

1931 - 2022

The Osirak Air Raid

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July 6, 1981	Information from Gen. D. Stoyanov on Visit of Iraqi Intelligence Service (IGUR) Delegation in Bulgaria
July 31, 1958	First Conversation between N.S. Khrushchev and Mao Zedong, Hall of Huaizhentan [Beijing] Mao Zedong and N.S. Khrushchev discuss a joint navy, use of China’s coastline and advisers in both countries.
1980	Soviet briefing on the need to counter-balance Yugoslav endeavors concerning the Afghan question in the non-aligned countries This document provides an assessment of Yugoslavia’s policy regarding non-aligned countries. The Soviet Union analyses how to counter-balance the non-alignment movement with its foreign policy. The topic of non-interference in internal political matters, and the opinion of Ghana, Kuwait, and India regarding Soviet involvement in Afghanistan are discussed.
June 2007	A Directive from the Centre. Folder 79. The Chekist Anthology. This 25 April 1974 directive from the Centre is attributed to an author identified as “Sviridov.” It was sent to KGB Line A residencies in Beirut, Cairo, Damascus, Baghdad, Aden, Samaa, and others, and contains instructions for planning “active measures.” “Sviridov” identified a variety of channels through which the KGB could influence Middle Eastern governments, militaries, and political groups, while suppressing anti-Soviet groups. Additionally, the residencies were instructed to plan active measures in advance to prepare for future contingencies. In an explanatory note, Mitrokhin explains that “Sviridov” is a pseudonym for then KGB Chairman Yuriy Andropov, and that Line A is the arm of the KGB concerned with active measures intended to influence foreign countries.
October 4, 1989	East German Ministry of State Security, 'Nuclear, Chemical, and Ballistic Missile Potential of Selected Threshold Countries' (excerpt) Iraq's WMD capacity as of October 1989 from Stasi Perspective
February 20, 1979	Saddam and High-Ranking Officials Discussing Khomeini, the Ethiopian-Eritrean conflict, the Potential for Kurdish Unrest, and the Iranian Economy Transcript of a meeting between Saddam and some Iraqi diplomatic personnel dated 20 February 1979. The meeting's main issue was Iran and Khomeini. One of the attendants asked Saddam if there is any possibility of turbulence in Iranian Kurdistan due to the internal chaos of the Iranian government. And if so, how would it affect Iraqi Kurdistan. They talked about the Iranian economy and the Iranian army. They said that the Iranian air force contains mostly American jets and it was built on American experience. Secondly they had a discussion about Eritrea and the diplomatic relationship between Iraq and Eritrea.
November 12, 1990	Statement by the Honorary Chairman of the SPD, Brandt, about his discussions in Baghdad Willy Brandt's statement on the Gulf Crisis issue, includes his strong belief in the non-military solution efforts; however Brant makes it clear in his statement that he has no intentions to become a mediator in the crisis, but only serve as an advisor.
May 31, 1979	Report on Iraqi Intelligence Services Activity in Bulgaria
January 1, 1980	General Military Intelligence Directorate Report Assessing Political, Military, and Economic Conditions in Iran This file contains a top secret intelligence report about Iran, issued by the General Military Intelligence Directorate (GMID), dated 01 January 1980 to 30 June 1980. mThe report includes information about the political, economic and military situation in Iran, including political system of the Iranian regime, information about different political parties in Iran, information about opposing Iranian groups, the crisis in the Iranian economy due to the sanctions and decrease in oil exporting, Iranian economic relations and activities, the status of different Iranian military units, and information about the Iranian navy and the air force.
October 1980	Saddam Hussein and Senior Iraqi Officials Discussing the Conflict with Iran, Iraqi Targets and Plans, a Recent Attack on the Osirak Reactor, and Various Foreign Countries This file contains a transcript of a meeting about the Iran-Iraq War held in October 1980 with Saddam Hussein and high Iraqi officials such as the Minister of Defense, the Chief of Staff of the Army, and the Director of Military Intelligence. Contains discussions regarding the status of Iran-Iraq War and current military plans and preparations to resist Iranian raids effectively by air and sea. Includes discussion about several attacks by Israeli fighters on an Iraqi nuclear reactor and discussion of military operations and targets in Iran.