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Photograph of the Port of Jaffa in Israel.

Middle East

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United States

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Northern Africa

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Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Israeli Nuclear History

Photograph of the Hands of Victory Monument in Baghdad.

Middle East

Iraq

Photograph of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem.

Middle East

Palestine

South African Nuclear History

A photo of Henry Kissinger from 1975

Kissinger, Henry

1923 -

The Six-Day War (1967)

Saddam on the Phone in 1988

The Saddam Files

Kofi Annan and Saddam Hussein

Hussein, Saddam

1937 - 2006

Emir Farid Chehab

Emir Farid Chehab Collection

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James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS)

1989 -

Richard Nixon

Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous)

1913 - 1994

Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906 - 1982

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United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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August 23, 1971	HSWP CC Foreign Affairs Department Proposal on the financial support for the Israeli Communist Party This is a proposal by the Hungarian Foreign Affairs Department to grant 5000 USD in financial aid to the Israeli Communist Party.
May 26, 1966	Report from the Hungarian Embassy in Cario on Kosygin's visit in the UAR This report describes the visit of Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin to the United Arab Republic (UAR) during which he reinforced positive relations with President Nasser and the UAR and discussed the Vietnam War, Sino-Soviet tensions, the Arab World, Israel, and economic concerns.
June 27, 1969	Memorandum from Harry Schwartz to Deputy Secretary of Defense Harry Schwartz's memo to the Deputy Secretary of Defense concerns the possible delay of delivery of F-45 to Israel. The draft "Scenario" is referenced and Schwartz hopes this issue will be covered more extensively within it.
July 14, 1969	Memorandum from Deputy Secretary of Defense, 'Israeli Nuclear Program,' with 'Scenario for Discussions with Israelis on their Nuclear Program, and NSSM 40' Packard's plan detailed in this memorandum and its attachments allegedly represented a consensus of the Defense leadership, Kissinger, Richardson, and Helms. Using a tough approach, the memorandum's enclosed plan focused on getting Israelis assurances and signature on the NPTs.
March 29, 1969	Memorandum from Ralph Earle, Office of International Security Affairs, 'Stopping the Introduction of Nuclear Weapons Into the Middle East' This memo provided Laird with a scheme for a tough approach to Israel that involved a demarche to the Israeli government for “cease-and-desist” certain nuclear and missile [excised] activities and a demand for private assurances and, ultimately, Israel’s signature on the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT). To seal such a deal Earle proposed an exchange of letters between President Richard Nixon and Prime Minister Golda Meir, for which he provided drafts.
March 26, 1969	Memorandum from Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, 'Nuclear Missile Capability in Israel' A proposal from JCS Chairman Earle Wheeler favored a presidential-level approach and the application of pressure. Wheeler presented a range of options but recommended a demand to “cease-and-desist” a specific nuclear-related activity.
March 28, 1969	Letter from Secretary of State William P. Rogers to Secretary of Defense In his 28 March reply Secretary Rogers agreed that the computer issue needed more examination along with a further review of policy on sensitive technology exports, but he virtually blew off Laird’s request for a meeting and for deliberation outside of NSC channels. Instead, he advised that the Israeli nuclear problem be studied by the NSC Under Secretaries Committee.
March 14, 1969	Memorandum from Deputy Secretary of Defense David Packard, 'Computers for Israel' This memo from Deputy Secretary of Defense David Packard concerns Israeli efforts to acquire high speed computers for use in a weapons program, and recommends that the United States should oppose these efforts.
March 17, 1969	Memorandum from Secretary of Defense Laird to Secretary of State, 'Stopping the Introduction of Nuclear Weapons into the Middle East' Colonel Robert P. Pursley, discussed the Israeli nuclear issue with other senior officials at the Pentagon, and drafted a memorandum that the Defense Secretary sent to Rogers, Kissinger, and Helms on 14 March 1969. Believing it is necessary to convey “a sense of urgency,” the memorandum restated the earlier [Warnke’s] points about the need for a meeting and included new intelligence about Israeli efforts to acquire high speed computers for use in a weapons program.
July 19, 1969	Memorandum from Henry Kissinger to President Nixon, 'Israeli Nuclear Program' The memorandum lays out substantive and significant line of thinking about the complex problem raised by the Israeli nuclear program. Kissinger thought it might be possible to persuade the Israelis that with all of the NPT’s loopholes signing it would not prevent them from continuing their weapons research and development. Kissinger also recognized the real possibility that the Israeli development momentum could not be stopped.

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United States 203

Soviet Union 127

Israeli Nuclear History 121

South African Nuclear History 47

The Six-Day War (1967) 37

The Saddam Files 28

Emir Farid Chehab Collection 27