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Photograph of the Port of Jaffa in Israel.

Middle East

Israel

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Egyptian Pyramids

Northern Africa

Egypt

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Israeli Nuclear History

Photograph of the Hands of Victory Monument in Baghdad.

Middle East

Iraq

Photograph of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem.

Middle East

Palestine

South African Nuclear History

A photo of Henry Kissinger from 1975

Kissinger, Henry

1923 -

The Six-Day War (1967)

Saddam on the Phone in 1988

The Saddam Files

Kofi Annan and Saddam Hussein

Hussein, Saddam

1937 - 2006

Emir Farid Chehab

Emir Farid Chehab Collection

Placeholder image for when a portrait image is not available

James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS)

1989 -

Richard Nixon

Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous)

1913 - 1994

Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906 - 1982

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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March 30, 1951	Communist Activity in Aleppo and Northern Syria Communist organizations work to form "Peace Supporters" groups and conduct propaganda campaigns against American involvement in the region.
May 9, 1949	Untitled report on Soviet policy towards Zionist Jews Fragment describing repression of Zionist Jews in the Soviet Union.
June 24, 1974	Under Secretary Sisco's Principals' and Regionals’ Staff Meeting Encourages interest in a close look at nuclear export policy were negotiations, pre-dating the Indian test, over nuclear reactor sales to Israel, Egypt, and Iran. Chairing the meeting in Kissinger’s absence, Under Secretary of State Joseph Sisco expressed dismay that nuclear nonproliferation had lost high-level support during the Nixon administration.
April 10, 1972	Minutes of Conversation between Nicolae Ceaușescu and Abbas Massoudi, Vice-President of the Majlis, Bucharest Describes the conversation between Nicolae Ceaușescu and Abbas Massoudi, Vice-President of the Majlis, regarding the current situation in the Arab-Israeli conflict. Conclusion was that Egypt is ready to sign a treaty, but Israel has not welcomed any recent proposals. Both agreed that it is important for international community to help find solution to conflict.
October 15, 1971	Minutes of Conversation between Nicolae Ceaușescu and the Shah, Persepolis Description of conversation between Nicolae Ceaușescu and the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi regarding efforts to find a solution to the conflict between Israel and Egypt involving border disputes and the Suez Canal.
June 14, 1967	Minutes of Conversation between Nicolae Ceaușescu and Ambassador S.V.H. Sanandaji on the Six-Day War, Bucharest Nicolae Ceaușescu received Iranian Ambassador to Romania, Soltan Hossein Vakili Sanandaji, and they discussed developments in the Near East, specifically the ongoing conflict between Israel and Arab states. Ceaușescu suggested to the Ambassador that Iran should use its influence in the area to encourage other Arab states to seek a peaceful and realistic resolution to the conflict.
September 1985	Memorandum, US National Intelligence Council, NIC M 85-10001, 'The Dynamics of Nuclear Proliferation: Balance of Incentives and Constraints' The most recent CREST release included this analysis of “The Dynamics of Nuclear Proliferation: Balance of Incentives and Constraints.” The analyst sought to explain why “no additional overt proliferation of nuclear weapons has actually occurred” since the Chinese nuclear test, India had not weaponized while Israel and South Africa had not “taken any action to signal overt possession of nuclear weapons.”
December 1979	Interagency Intelligence Memorandum, US Director of Central Intelligence, NI IIM 79-10028, 'The 22 September 1979 Event' [2004 Release] This study begins, as the National Security Council requested, by assuming that the September 22, 1979 Vela event was a nuclear detonation. It discusses the possibility that the detonation could have occurred due to an accident, and noted the Defense Intelligence Agency’s suggestion that the Soviet Union might have had reasons to conduct a covert test in violation of its treaty commitments. But most of the study is concerned with other possibilities to explain the incident – a secret test by South Africa or Israel, or India, or Pakistan, or a secret joint test by South Africa and Israel. The 2004 version, in some instances, contains more information through page 10 than the 2013 version.
December 1979	Interagency Intelligence Memorandum, US Director of Central Intelligence, NI IIM 79-10028, 'The 22 September 1979 Event' [2013 Release] This study begins, as the National Security Council requested, by assuming that the September 22, 1979 Vela event was a nuclear detonation. It discusses the possibility that the detonation could have occurred due to an accident, and noted the Defense Intelligence Agency’s suggestion that the Soviet Union might have had reasons to conduct a covert test in violation of its treaty commitments. But most of the study is concerned with other possibilities to explain the incident – a secret test by South Africa or Israel, or India, or Pakistan, or a secret joint test by South Africa and Israel. The 2013 release (which is currently under appeal) includes some information from a “Secret Test by Others” (Pakistan, India) and the map on page 12 that had not been released before.
September 1977	Report, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Special Projects Division, 'South Africa: Motivations and Capabilities for Nuclear Proliferation' This report for the Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) pointed to downsides of US and international pressures against pariah or otherwise beleaguered states such as South Africa and Israel and against would-be nuclear proliferants. They might cooperate to advance their goals.

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Kissinger, Henry 40

Hussein, Saddam 27

James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS) 23

Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous) 22

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich 21

United States 203

Soviet Union 127

Israeli Nuclear History 121

South African Nuclear History 47

The Six-Day War (1967) 37

The Saddam Files 28

Emir Farid Chehab Collection 27