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Western Europe

Italy

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

North Atlantic Council Meeting, Lisbon, June 1985

Archivio Andreotti's NATO Series

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Executive Committee of the National Security Committee during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Cuban Missile Crisis

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Western Europe

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Middle East

Turkey

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Italy. Ministry of Foreign Affairs

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Trade agreement between European Economic Community and China

China-Europe Relations

Handshake between Zhao Ziyang, on the right, and Etienne Davignon

China-Western Europe Relations

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Italy. Ministry of Defense

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Rubbi, Antonio

1932 -

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United States. Embassy (Italy)

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Hu Yaobang, 1986

Hu, Yaobang

1915 - 1989

Euromissiles Crisis

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Berlinguer, Enrico

1922 - 1984

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September 6, 1961	Record of the Conversation of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR N. S. Khrushchev with the Prime Minister of India Jawaharlal Nehru Khrushchev and Nehru discuss rising global tensions, particularly surrounding the German peace treaty and the status of Berlin. Nehru expresses concerns about the resumption of Soviet nuclear tests, warning of their impact on global opinion and the risk of escalating conflict. Khrushchev defends the tests as a necessary response to Western threats and military buildup. The two leaders are later joined by Ghanaian President Nkrumah to present a collective appeal from the Belgrade Conference, urging peaceful solutions and proposing a summit between Khrushchev and Kennedy to reduce the risk of war. Khrushchev emphasizes the need for global disarmament and greater involvement from neutral nations to pressure the US toward peace, while Nehru advocates for careful diplomacy to avoid further polarization.
August 18, 1961	Draft of a Letter of N. S. Khrushchev to A. Fanfani, Prime Minister of Italy, on the Question of the Signing of a Peace Treaty with Germany, and the Status of West Berlin Khrushchev writes to Italian Prime Minister Fanfani to reaffirm the Soviet Union’s intention to sign a peace treaty with Germany, regardless of Western opposition. He expresses hope that Western powers will join the treaty but makes clear that the USSR will proceed if they do not. Khrushchev emphasizes that access to West Berlin will remain open, while criticizing any threats of war as unreasonable and dangerous.
May 1892	For the Innocent Ones On May 8 and 9, 1892, the Italian-language newspaper published in Cairo, L’Imparziale (“The Impartial”), ran an unsigned editorial on its first and second pages titled, “For the Innocent Ones.” The article describes the frequent abandonment of newborns on the streets in late-nineteenth-century Egypt and blames the female servants of foreign families in Egypt for this social and moral crisis.
January 18, 2023	Interview with Francesco Vignarca Francesco Vignarca describes his journey into advocacy as part of Italy's largest peace and disarmament network, merging activism with scientific rigor to address arms trade, military spending, and nuclear disarmament. He believes nuclear weapons threaten global democracy by disproportionately empowering a few nations, and he advocates for a multilateral, cooperative approach to security. His organization, closely allied with ICAN, pursues both normative and practical steps toward disarmament, including mobilizing Italian municipalities to support the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. Despite the challenges, he remains optimistic about achieving global nuclear disarmament through grassroots efforts and sustained political engagement. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
October 23, 1985	Minutes Meeting of Italian Communist Party (PCI) Politburo, Alessandro Natta's Report on the Trip to China PCI Secretary Alessandro Natta reports to the PCI Politburo on his trip to China and his meetings with Deng Xiaoping and Hu Yaobang. He also provides insights into apparent shifts in China's foreign policy, emphasizing Beijing's renewed focus on peaceful coexistence, non-alignment and engagement with the Third World.
May 6, 1980	Minutes, Meeting of Italian Communist Party (PCI) Politburo, G.C. Pajetta's Report 'Information on the PCI Delegation's Trip to China and Korea' Gian Carlo Pajetta presents to the PCI Politburo a brief report on the outcomes and discussions during the PCI delegation's trip to the People's Republic of China and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
July 13, 1992	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with Italian Prime Minister Amato at the "Four Seasons" Hotel in Munich, 5 July 1992, 16.00-17.00 hours Kohl and Amato reason about the best ways of financial assistance for Russia. They do not yet want to include Russia in the World Economic Summits on a permanent basis. There is consensus that the door for Russia must remain open, however.
June 30, 1992	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with French President Mitterrand over Breakfast on Saturday, 27 June 1992 Mitterrand emphasizes that Yugoslavia could turn into "a second Vietnam” in case of a Western military intervention. He questions the rational of U.S. and British policy in the Balkans and rejects France's military involvement. Kohl rules out Germany's participation in military operations.
October 9, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Telephone Conversations with Italian Prime Minister Andreotti, October 4, 7, and 8, 1991 Kohl and Andreotti elaborate on the timing of Slovenia's and Croatia's recognition. Due to the lack of consensus on this within the EC, they agree to go ahead with a group of five or six countries recognizing Slovenia and Croatia. Both emphasize the need to avoid a repetition of the 1941 World War II coalition in this regard.
July 25, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Telephone Conversation with President Gorbachev on 24 July, 15:00 Hours Kohl and Gorbachev engage in an assessment of the World Economic Summit in London.