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Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Cuba's National Capitol Building, January 2010.

Central America and Caribbean

Cuba

Japan's Itsukushima Shrine

East Asia

Japan

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Western Europe

France

Executive Committee of the National Security Committee during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Cuban Missile Crisis

Jan Nowak-Jeziorański broadcasting for Radio Free Europe, 3 May 1952

Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty

Nuclear Proliferation

Sino-Soviet Relations

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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President Ronald Reagan, Vice-President Bush, and oviet General Secretary Gorbachev

United States-Soviet Relations

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United States. Department of State

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Helmut Kohl addresses the United Nations, June 1997.

Helmut Kohl Transcripts

A photo of Henry Kissinger from 1975

Kissinger, Henry

1923 -

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931 - 2022

Richard Nixon

Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous)

1913 - 1994

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898 - 1976

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August 23, 1977	Telegram from South African Embassy in the US on President Carter’s Press Conference on the Kalahari Nuclear Test Site The South African Embassy in the US reports to the South African Foreign Ministry on President Carter’s press conference on the kalahari nuclear test site and related US media coverage. Carter called on the South African government to place their nuclear programs under international safeguards and monitoring and cease attempts to develop and explosive device.
August 25, 1970	United States Department of State, Memorandum from Martin Jacobs to Mr. Nelson on South African Nuclear Scientist’s Visit US Nuclear Testing Facilities Martin Jacobs reports that Dr. J. V. Retief, Senior Scientist of the National Nuclear Research Center of the South African Atomic Energy Board requested permission to visit an Army Corps research facility, the Cratering Group Research Labratory at Livermore, California. Jacobs was concerned that "there might be political repercussions if it appeared the US was assisting South Africa to produce nuclear explosives as a prelude to weapons development."
May 1967	Report, South African Department of Foreign Affairs, 'Items of Interest in the Field of Atomic Energy: Developments During March-April-May 1967' South African report summarizing communication between South African and US officials on the renewal of their atomic energy cooperation agreement, as well as cooperation with Argentina and France, discussion of the sale of uranium to Israel, and South Africa's redesignation to the IAEA board of governors.
May 29, 1961	Memorandum from Deputy Chair, South African Atomic Energy Board, T. E. W. Schumann Regarding 2 June 1961 Paris Meeting on Bilateral Safeguards Memorandum discussing the impact on South Africa of new safeguards applied by the International Atomic Energy Agency to the sale and transfer of nuclear materials.
July 20, 1960	Letter from South African Ambassador A.G. Dunn to South African Department for Foreign Affairs Official M.I. Botha on the Sale of Uranium to Israel South African Ambassador to the United States A.G. Dunn states that the United States would not approve of South Africa selling uranium to Israel even if the contract specified that they would obey IAEA safeguards once they were implemented worldwide.
June 13, 1957	Cable from the Chinese Foreign Ministry, 'Premier Zhou’s Conversation with Ambassador Nehru' Premier Zhou Enlai and Indian Ambassador Ratan Kumar Nehru exchanged views on Taiwan Incident and situation in West Asia.
October 1, 1956	Eleventh Plenary Meeting of the Conference on the Statute of the International Atomic Energy Agency (Statement by South African Ambassador W.C. du Plessis) Statement by the South African Ambassador to the United States, W. C. du Plessis, at the Eleventh Plenary Meeting of the Conference on the Statute of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) held in the United Nations. Du Plessis expresses approval of the election of the new president of the conference, and discusses the history of the IAEA Statute and South Africa's atomic energy research.
March 15, 1964	Conversations between the Delegation of the Romanian Workers Party and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in Pitzunda, 15 March 1964 (excerpts) Khrushchev and Mikoyan discuss the Cuban Missile Crisis in this excerpt from a conversation with a Romanian delegation in Pitzunda, Georgia (now Abkhazia). They discuss the Sino-Soviet Split, and Khrushchev complains that "the Chinese qualified us as adventurers, while on other issues they call us cowards," and explains his reasoning for defending Cuba.
November 1963	Ion Gheorghe Maurer, 'The Unshakeable Foundation of the Unity of the International Communist Movement' (excerpts) Prime Minister Ion Gheorghe Maurer describes Romania's new policies and approach to relations with China and the Soviet Union at a time when Romania was increasingly attempting to distance itself from the Warsaw Pact and the Soviet Union's military control. Toward this end, Mauer proclaims a policy of military disengagement and disarmament, declaring that mediation and negotiation are the only legitimate way of resolving international tensions.
June 25, 1963	Report from Hungarian Embassy, Prague, on Czechoslovak-Cuban Relations Hungarian ambassador to Czechoslovakia Lajos Cséby summarizes Deputy Head of the Sixth Main Department [of the Czechoslovak Ministry of Foreign Affairs] Stross’s report on relations between Cuba and Czechoslovakia. Stross reports friendly relations between the two countries, which did not experience difficulties during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Stross outlines Cuba’s problems, economically and politically, and believes that Cuba’s revolutionary success depends on its economic growth. Cuba misunderstood the Soviet Union’s approach to the Cuban Missile Crisis. This led to signs of Chinese influence on Cuban politics, which Stross believes are reversing since Castro’s [1963] visit to the Soviet Union.

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United States. Central Intelligence Agency 106

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Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich 73

Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous) 70

Soviet Union 1146

Cuban Missile Crisis 284

Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty 224

Nuclear Proliferation 122

Sino-Soviet Relations 117

United States-Soviet Relations 101