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The Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2012.

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Southeast Asia

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Sino-Soviet Relations

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Choi, Duk Shin (Choe Deok-sin)

1914 - 1989

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

North Vietnamese Decision-Making, 1973-1975

Dr. Syngman Rhee, 1939

Rhee, Syngman

1875 - 1965

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898 - 1976

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Mao, Zedong

1893 - 1976

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Võ, Nguyên Giáp (Vo Nguyen Giap)

1911 - 2013

Photograph of Ngo Dinh Diem

Ngô, Đình Diệm (Ngo Dinh Diem)

1901 - 1963

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Documents

June 26, 1954	Cable from Li Kenong, 'Concerning the Content of a Meeting between the Soviet, Chinese, and Vietnamese Delegations' The Chinese, Vietnamese, and Soviet delegations meet to discuss the division of zones in Indochina.
August 15, 1961	Telegram from the Enver Hoxha to Ho Chi Minh via Gac Mazi, the Albanian Ambassador to Moscow This is a telegram from the 1st Secretary of the Party of Labor of Albania Enver Hoxha to President Ho Chi Minh delivered via the Albanian Ambassador to Moscow Gac Mazi. This telegram discusses the possible visit of Ho Chi Minh to Tirana. Hoxha orders Mazi to contact Ho Chi Minh urgently and deliver a copy of the telegram to him. Enver Hoxha believes that the disputes between the various leaders of the socialist countries in Europe and the Party of Labor in Albania are serious and cannot be resolved simply or immediately. He assigns the blame for these disputes to the leaders of the other socialist countries. Hoxha asks Ho Chi Minh to talk to these leaders about these disputes before coming to Tirana. The reason for this is that other European communist leaders have begun denigrating the Party of Labor of Albania, the Albanian government, and the Albanian people. Hoxha writes that the Albanian leadership is still carefully analyzing the causes of the disputes. Lastly, he informs Ho Chi Minh that he will be ready to discuss the Tirana trip further in the second half of November of 1961.
May 2, 1962	Report on Reiz Malile’s Ambassadorial Credentials Sent to the DRV and his Discussions with the DRV Leaders The new ambassador to China and to the DRV, Reiz Malile, reports on his meetings with Vietnamese leaders during his visit to Vietnam on 14 – 28 of April 1962. Malile states that he met DRV President Ho Chi Minh, the Prime Minister of the DRV, Fam Van Dong, Minister of Foreign Affairs for the DRV, Ung Van Khiem, and 1st Secretary of the Central Committee of the Working Party of Vietnam, Le Duan. In his discussions, they support the Albanian government's stance on Khrushchev and the Soviet leadership in general. Meanwhile, the Vietnamese leaders avoid discussions targeted against the Soviet Union and, instead, propose the need for unity in the international communist movement. They also ask to stop the polemic in the media in order for the other bloc not to profit from the internal disputes of the communist camp. According to Malile, among the Vietnamese leadership there is a strong spirit not to cause a break with the Soviet Union. Malile claims that the Vietnamese communists are not fully informed on Albanian-Soviet disputes, which they view as simple disagreements between brothers. According to Malile, there is a great deal of Chinese and Soviet propaganda concerning the political international situation that presents differing points of view.
August 7, 1964	Declaration of the Government of the People’s Republic of Albania Concerning the Aggressive Miilitary operations of the US against the Democratic Republic of Vietnam on August 7, 1964 This document is a declaration of the People’s Republic of Albania decrying the American military's actions on August 7 targeted against North Vietnam. According to the Albanian government, these operations endangered peace in Indochina and Southeast Asia in general in addition to violating the Geneva Convention of 1954. The American 7th Fleet and the American Air Force, along with South Vietnamese government forces, provoked a retaliatory action from North Vietnam. In addition, the Albanian government believes the Americans dispatched spies and saboteurs to North Vietnam. The Albanian government fully supports the sovereignty and independence of the North Vietnamese people in their struggle against the Americans. This declaration was distributed to all foreign diplomatic envoys in Albania.
November 25, 1964	A written message from the Albanian Prime Minster Mehmet Shehu to the participants of the conference on solidarity with the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in Hanoi on November 25, 1964 This document condemns the recent American involvement in South Vietnam. In addition, Shehu stresses the importance of showing support for the struggle of the people of South Vietnam and the Geneva Convention of 1954 which, he implies, the Americans violated.
June 6, 1964	Minutes of the meeting between the Democratic Republic of Vietnam’s delegate Tran Dinh Thu with an Albanian official Shpresa Fuga on June 6, 1964 This document is a report on a meeting between the Democratic Republic of Vietnam’s delegate, Tran Dinh Thu, with an Albanian official, Shpresa Fuga. Tran Dinh Thu reveals his appreciation for Albanian political support towards the cause of the South Vietnamese people against the United States. Tran Dinh Thu is also upset about the lack of actual financial support from the Soviet Union by comparing it to the more commendable support of the United States government for the government of South Vietnam. He asks for further Albanian support for the South Vietnamese people and asks that awareness of the Vietnam conflict be spread among the Albanian population.
October 13, 1972	Secret Telegram from Moscow to Warsaw, No. 11132 This telegram reports on the status of Sino-Soviet relations, as well as Sino-Japanese relations in light of an upcoming visit of the Japanese foreign minister to the Soviet Union.
June 15, 1979	Memorandum of the meeting between Erich Honecker and the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Israel, Meir Vilner The conversation starts with Honecker's report on the political and economic situation in the GDR. Meir Vilner informs Honecker about current events in Israel, especially about the position the Communist Party takes toward Zionism, and about his opinion on some foreign policy issues, namely relations with China and Romania and the Middle East peace process.
April 4, 1954	Draft Memorandum, 'A Comprehensive Solution for Restoring Peace in Indochina,' Prepared by the Vietnam Group of the Chinese Delegation Attending the Geneva Conference The Vietnam group of the Chinese delegation offers a solution involving peaceful unification within Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam, so that these nations can govern themselves as independent, sovereign states.
April 23, 1954	Cable from Zhou Enlai, 'Concerning Soviet Premier Georgy M. Malenkov’s conversation with Zhou Enlai about the Vietnam Issue' Zhou Enlai describes his meeting with Khrushchev, Malenkov, and other Soviet officials. The Soviets agree with the CCP position on Indochina, and will give their opinion of China’s draft constitution in four months.

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Choi, Duk Shin (Choe Deok-sin) 87

Rhee, Syngman 72

Võ, Nguyên Giáp (Vo Nguyen Giap) 27

Soviet Union 252

South Korea 200

United States 155

Vietnam War 319

South Korean Diplomacy in Asia, 1955-1957 149

Sino-Soviet Relations 104

Conversations with Zhou Enlai 103

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984 86