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Western Europe

Sweden

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

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North Korean Smuggling

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

"The Bundeshaus (Federal Building) in Bonn, West Germany, May 1961. "

Western Europe

West Germany

Japan's Itsukushima Shrine

East Asia

Japan

Nuclear Proliferation

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Sweden, Government of. Cabinet, 8 October 1976-18 October 1978

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Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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Sweden. Utrikesdepartementet. Political Department

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Polish Foreign Minister Adam Rapacki speaks before the United Nations General Assembly on October 2, 1957.

Rapacki Plan

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879 - 1953

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United States. Embassy (Sweden)

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United States. Department of State. Bureau of Intelligence and Research

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Executive Committee of the National Security Committee during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Cuban Missile Crisis

Indian Nuclear History

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin and the Cold War

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March 28, 1973	Letter, Ahmet H. Ozbudun to C.V. Narasimhan, "Growing Ties with Pyongyang" Ozbudun sends Narasimhan a report on growing ties with Pyongyang, UNCURK session, document concerning last week's confidential letter, and North-South dialogue.
December 10, 1964	From the Diary of V. Kh. Man'ko, Record of a Conversation with the Correspondent of the Swedish Communist Party Newspaper, 'Ny Dag,' Karl Shtaf, 28 November 1964 Shtaf mentions that he had a conversation with an Argentinian Communist Party leader in Prague, who reported about his trip to Cuba and meeting with Guevara. He also discusses the current situation of the Communist Party in Sweden.
January 20, 1966	National Intelligence Estimate, NIE 4-66, 'The Likelihood of Further Nuclear Proliferation' This estimate updated an estimate (NIE-4-2-64) published in 1964 of the nuclear proliferation problem. That estimate, like this one, overestimated the likelihood of an Indian bomb, while somewhat underestimating Israel’s program. This assessment followed the same pattern—predicting India would produce a weapon within a “few years” and also putting Israel in the “might” category, although treating it as a “serious contender” nonetheless. Also following a short discussion of the “snowball effect” (later known as “proliferation cascades” or “chains”) suggesting that the United Arab Republic (Egypt-Syria) and Pakistan were likely to take the nuclear option should India or Israel go nuclear.
February 28, 1978	TELEGRAM 066.569 from the Romanian Embassy in Pyongyang to the Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs The Swedish and Finnish governments pressure the DPRK to pay back its debts, while the PRC grants North Korea a loan to partially offset these costs.
October 21, 1964	National Intelligence Estimate NIE 4-2-64, 'Prospects for a Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Over the Next Decade' This US analysis of the likelihood of nuclear proliferation during the next decade was finished only days after the first Chinese nuclear test on 16 October. The report analyses the implications of this test, as well as programs in India, Israel, Sweden, West Germany, Italy, Japan, Canada, and others. The National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) argued that India was the only new state likely to develop nuclear weapons, concluding that “there will not be a widespread proliferation …over the next decade.”
April 23, 1964	Letter from Thomas Hughes, Director, Office of Intelligence and Research, Department of State, to Director of Central Intelligence John McCone Noting new intelligence information on the Indian and Israeli nuclear programs, as well as the possibility of developments concerning Sweden, Hughes requested McCone to initiate a new estimate of nuclear proliferation trends, which would eventually become part of a October 1964 National Intelligence Estimate (NIE). Hughes enclosed draft “terms of reference,” that included questions about the possibility of “clandestine” weapons programs and new technological developments that could make weapons development “easier” (perhaps a reference to gas centrifuge technology that the 1964 NIE would discuss).
June 23, 1963	National Intelligence Estimate NIE 4-63, 'Likelihood and Consequences of a Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Systems' This NIE comes to the general conclusions that “there will not be a widespread proliferation of nuclear weapons over the next 10 years” and discusses programs in various countries (Israel, China, Sweden, India, West Germany, Japan, etc.) This copy includes newly declassified references to the Israeli nuclear weapons program, including the conclusion that “the Israelis, unless deterred by outside pressure, will attempt to produce a nuclear weapon some time in the next several years.”
October 29, 1962	Cable from Swiss observer at the United Nations (Thalmann) to the Swiss Ministry of Foreign Affairs The UN inspection team for the supervision of the dismantling of the Soviet bases was to be made up of representatives from Sweden, Mexico and Switzerland. Switzerland feels uncomfortable with being included in the mandate, due to their representation of American interests in Cuba.
October 29, 1962	Cable from Swiss observer at the United Nations (Thalmann) to the Swiss Ministry of Foreign Affairs A cable from Swiss observer at the United Nations (Thalmann) to the Swiss Ministry of Foreign Affairs about the composition of a UN inspection team being sent to Cuba and to say that a definitive decision will possibly not be made until after U Thant’s return to New York.
November 9, 1962	Telegram from the Brazilian Delegation at the UN General Assembly, New York, 2:30 p.m., Friday In the XVII session of the General Assembly of the UN, the Delegates from Canada, Sweden, and Ghana referred exhaustively to the Brazilian draft about denuclearization of Latin America and expressed support to the ideas it contains.