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Eastern Africa

Somalia

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Eastern Africa

Ethiopia

Horn of Africa Crisis

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

The Soviet Union in the Horn of Africa

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Ratanov

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Mengistu Haile-Mariam

1937 -

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Barre, Maxamed Siyaad (Siad Barre)

1920 - 1995

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Soviet Union. Embassy (Ethiopia)

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Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Cuba's National Capitol Building, January 2010.

Central America and Caribbean

Cuba

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Eastern Africa

Eritrea

President Ronald Reagan, Vice-President Bush, and oviet General Secretary Gorbachev

United States-Soviet Relations

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Ilichev, Leonid Fedorovich

1906 - 1990

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Sinitsin

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Cuban Foreign Relations

China and Africa

George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

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May 25, 1961	Transcript of the Conversation between N.S. Khrushchev And The Prime Minister of the Somali Republic Abdirashid Ali Shermarke Khrushchev and Somali Prime Minister Shermarke discuss Somalia’s efforts to maintain political and economic independence following decolonization, with Shermarke requesting Soviet assistance for development projects in agriculture, industry, and infrastructure. Khrushchev emphasizes the Soviet Union’s support for anti-imperialist movements and offers potential economic cooperation while acknowledging the need to balance assistance with domestic priorities.
March 1, 1978	From the Journal of A.F. Dobrynin, 'Record of a Conversation with Z. Brzezinski, Assistant to the President of the US for National Security, 1 March 1978' In this March 1978 conversation, Soviet Ambassador Anatoly Dobrynin and US National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski discussed rising US concerns over Soviet and Cuban military involvement in the Horn of Africa, particularly its perceived threat to Western oil routes and the stability of Saudi Arabia. Dobrynin rejected Brzezinski’s fears as exaggerated, reiterating that the conflict stemmed from Somali aggression and emphasizing that the Soviet presence supported Ethiopia's defense. The meeting ended with both sides restating their entrenched positions, with the US seeking assurances of de-escalation and Soviet withdrawal, which Dobrynin declined to provide.
January 12, 1993	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with Secretary General of the United Nations, Dr. Boutros-Ghali, on Monday, 11 January 1993 Kohl and Ghali discuss Germany's international position after unification and the end of the Cold War. Kohl argues that many were surprised by the return of "old demons" in former Yugoslavia. He emphasizes the long-term objective of establish a new sort of European crisis management excluding a repetition of violent conflicts. This was the rational for his strong engagement in favor of the Maastricht Treaty.
July 28, 1982	Excerpts of Talks between Leading Comrades and Foreign Guests (No. 7) A Chinese Communist Party digest of commentaries about Chinese foreign affairs and domestic politics made by Hu Yaobang, Zhao Ziyang, Deng Xiaoping, Zhang Wenjin, and Huang Hua to various foreign officials from the United States, the Philippines, and other countries.
April 16, 1993	Record of Japan-United States Summit Meeting This record contains summaries of: (1) the tête-à-tête meeting between President Clinton and Prime Minister Mizazawa; (2) a small group meeting involving the President and Prime Minister, as well as several senior members of the US and Japanese cabinets; and (3) an expanded working lunch. Topics of discussion included U.S.-Japan strategic and economic relations, climate change, the Uruguay Round, policies towards Russia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Cambodia, Haiti, and China, and Japan's status at the United Nations. Various portions of the document were withheld, including an entire section on North Korea.
May 7, 1960	Conversation from [Mao Zedong's] Audience with Guests from Africa Mao describes the history of Western imperialism in China and discusses ways that people around the world are opposing imperialism. He pledges to support the anti-imperialist struggle in Africa and calls for unity. (Note: in this 1968 edition, the names of a Cuban national hero and his younger brother [presumably Fidel and Raul Castro] are redacted.)
August 12, 1989	National Intelligence Daily for Saturday, 12 August 1989 The CIA’s National Intelligence Daily for 12 August 1989 describes the latest developments in Lebanon, Iran, Syria, Somalia, the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, South Africa, Ecuador, Namibia, and Cuba.
August 4, 1989	National Intelligence Daily for Friday, 4 August 1989 The CIA’s National Intelligence Daily for 4 August 1989 describes the latest developments in Lebanon, Iran, El Salvador, the Soviet Union, Afghanistan, Thailand, Somalia, Bolivia, Romania, the United States, and Israel.
October 16, 1963	Record of Conversation from Premier Zhou’s Reception of the Tanganyikan Cultural Delegation Zhou and Lawi Nangwanda Sijaona discuss the Sino-Indian border conflict and African regionalism.
August 18, 1981	Telegram from Czechoslovak Embassy in Addis Ababa Prague’s representation to Addis Ababa offers an insight into the Soviet Union’s economic assistance toward Ethiopia in the early 1980s, while voicing, at the same time, the Soviet economic delegation’s nuanced and candid impression of Mengistu’s abilities to control the course of the revolutionary transformations.