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Southern Africa

South Africa

South African Nuclear History

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Photograph of the Port of Jaffa in Israel.

Middle East

Israel

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Central Africa

Angola

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Southern Africa

Namibia

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

Nuclear Proliferation

Photograph from the 1995 NPT Review Conference

The 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931 - 2022

Photograph of P.W. Botha

Botha, P. W. (Pieter Willem)

1916 - 2006

Cuba and Southern Africa

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De Klerk, F. W. (Frederik Willem)

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Botha, R. F. (Roelof Frederik) ("Pik")

1932 -

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Malan, Magnus

1930 - 2011

Israeli Nuclear History

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November 30, 1978	Report on South African-American Talks held in Washington on 20, 21, and 22 November 1978 in connection with the "Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act, 1978" (NNPA)
February 27, 1995	J. duPreez, 'Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT): South African Position and Preparations for the NPT Review and Extension Conference' The memo contains strategies both for before and during the NPT, arguing for fixed extension without publicly announcing it prior to NPT and support supermajority as criteria in decision.
December 27, 1994	P. Goosen, 'Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT): South African Position and Preparations for the NPT Review and Extension Conference' The memo suggests to pick additional fixed periods extension of the NPT with a green-light mechanism. In addition, need for significant majority and establishing better relations with other states
March 2, 1995	J. duPreez, 'Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT): South African Position and Preparations for the NPT Review and Extension Conference' The memo notes suggests that a series of successive extensions should be used. DuPreez also says that South Africa must continue to participate in the NPT.
April 10, 1995	Letter, Thabo Mbeki to Al Gore Responding to Al Gore's 4th April letter, Mbeki offers support for the NPT while noting the need for supermajority and strengthening the review process.
April 13, 1995	Letter, Al Gore to Thabo Mbeki The letter congratulates Mr Thabo and South Africa for pledging to the NPT agreements and offering suggestions during the revision process. Gore also says that he will be able to meet Foreign Minister Nzo in New York on 19th April.
April 19, 1995	Statement by the Foreign Minister of The Republic of South Africa, Mr. Alfred Nzo, 'The 1995 Review and Extension Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)' Foreign Minister Alfred Nzo thanked the President of NPT, offers a legal analysis of X(2) Article and the commitment to dispose of nuclear weapons, referring to articles of treaty.
April 13, 1995	Letter, Alfred Nzo to The Honourable Edward Bwanai, Minister of External Affairs, Malawi The letter asks for improvements in the review process for the NPT.
December 27, 1994	South African Legal Opinion on Article X.2 of the NPT A description of X.2 Article of the NPT and a discussion of three potential outcomes: 1) indefinite extension, 2) extension for an additional fixed period, and 3) extension for additional fixed periods.
April 3, 1995	Abdul Minty et al, 'South Africa's Position on the Extension of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)' South Africa supports the indefinite extension of the NPT.