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Gulf War, 1990-1991 Clear All

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Gulf War, 1990-1991

Photograph of the Hands of Victory Monument in Baghdad.

Middle East

Iraq

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Western Europe

Germany

Helmut Kohl addresses the United Nations, June 1997.

Helmut Kohl Transcripts

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Photograph of the city of Kuwait.

Middle East

Kuwait

Kofi Annan and Saddam Hussein

Hussein, Saddam

1937 - 2006

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Japan's Itsukushima Shrine

East Asia

Japan

Official portrait for President George H.W. Bush, 1989.

Bush, George H.W.

1924 - 2018

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Kaifu, Toshiki

1931 - 2022

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Hartmann, Peter

1935 -

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931 - 2022

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Baker, James Addison

1930 -

Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

Saddam on the Phone in 1988

The Saddam Files

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September 16, 1991	Memorandum of Conversation: Meeting with Helmut Kohl, Chancellor of Germany, September 16, 1991, 12:00-1:30pm This memorandum captures a discussion between President George H. W. Bush and German Chancellor Helmut Kohl on September 16, 1991, focusing on international and bilateral relations. Topics include U.S.-Germany academic and cultural exchanges, European political integration, NATO's role, and French-German relations. Chancellor Kohl emphasized the benefits of strong U.S.-Germany cooperation, particularly in promoting NATO within a politically unified Europe. He expressed concern over Japan's economic dominance and Europe's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), advocating for reforms to enhance global trade and support developing nations. Discussions also covered the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, with both leaders stressing the importance of resisting extreme policies to maintain peace prospects. Additionally, Kohl shared insights on internal German challenges post-reunification and SPD (Social Democratic Party) dynamics. The conversation concluded with reflections on broader European politics and leadership transitions in France. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
February 18, 1991	Memorandum of Telephone Conversation: Telcon with Chancellor Kohl of Germany, February 18, 1991, 12:04-12:32 p.m. Kohl briefs Bush on a conversation he recently had with Iranian Foreign Minister Ali Akbar Velayati concerning the Gulf War. Bush and Kohl also discuss Soviet views on the conflict, as also recent exchanges between France and Germany on GATT negotiations.
January 28, 1991	Memorandum of Telephone Conversation: Telcon with Chancellor Kohl of Germany, January 28, 1991, 11:50-11:57 a.m. During a second phone call on the same day, Bush and Kohl quickly discuss Germany's financial contributions to the Gulf War.
January 28, 1991	Memorandum of Telephone Conversation: Telcon with Chancellor Kohl of Germany, January 28, 1991, 11:08-11:28 a.m. On a phone call, Bush and Kohl discuss the Gulf War, including the evacuation of Iraqi planes to Iran, Saddam Hussein's state of mind, the role of Turkey, and German's financial contribution.
March 26, 1993	Memorandum of Conversation: Luncheon Meeting with German Chancellor Helmut Kohl, March 26, 1993, 1:15 - 2:20 pm Clinton, Kohl, and others discuss Russia's political and economic situation, aid for Russia, German and American involvement in Iraq prior to the Gulf War, and other international issues.
October 11, 1990	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with the Foreign Minister of Saudi Arabia, Prince Saud Al Faisal, on 11 October 1990, 14.00-15.00 hours Kohl and Faisal discuss the situation in the Gulf, Germany's foreign policy and its financial assistance as well as Saddam Hussein's position in the Arab world.
1991	Meeting between Saddam Hussein and His Military Commanders after the First Gulf War Saddam and his military commanders discuss troop training, military planning, and Iraq's missile reserves following the Gulf War.
November 12, 1990	Statement by the Honorary Chairman of the SPD, Brandt, about his discussions in Baghdad Willy Brandt's statement on the Gulf Crisis issue, includes his strong belief in the non-military solution efforts; however Brant makes it clear in his statement that he has no intentions to become a mediator in the crisis, but only serve as an advisor.