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Sino-Soviet Relations

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1950-1959

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893 - 1976

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879 - 1953

Making of the Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1945-1950

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898 - 1976

The Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2012.

Southeast Asia

Vietnam

Photograph of Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong, 1945

Chinese Civil War, 1946-1950

Photograph of 38th parallel crossing during Korean War

Korean War, 1950-1953

Uyghur man in Xinjiang

China

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Nikita Khrushchev at the UNGA, 1962.

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich

1894 - 1971

Placeholder image for when a portrait image is not available

Soviet Union. Embassy (China)

-

Photograph fo Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Beijing

China. Foreign Ministry

1949 -

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October 26, 1949	Draft Reply to Mao Zedong's Telegram from Stalin via Molotov Stalin agrees with Mao Zedong that North Korea is not yet ready to launch an assault, and reports that the Soviet Union has told North Korea to concentrate on developing liberated areas and guerrillas in South Korea.
March 10, 1980	Evaluation of Chinese Policies toward Eastern Europe by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union This document addresses China's alleged bid to undermine the unity of the Socialist countries while maintaining special relations with Romania, Yugoslavia, and North Korea. Chinese foreign policy is seen as interfering in the domestic affairs of the Socialist states. By maintaining contacts with Western countries and by encouraging further armament of NATO, China is undermining the position of the Warsaw Pact. The Soviet evaluation assesses China as an unreliable partner in international relations and advises that all contacts of the Chinese government with foreign organizations or authorities be closely monitored.
1974	Analysis of the Romanian Attitude toward Maoism This document offers an East German assessment of Romania's attitude towards China. It emphasizes that the Romanian Communist Party approves of the Chinese Maoist line and agrees with Beijing's domestic and foreign policies. Romania's foreign policy is said to attribute the same importance to relations with China as to relations with the Soviet Union. It also notes that the Romanian government has given more publicity to the resumption of diplomatic relations between China and West Germany than it did to similar moves between East Germany and India. The authors identify an anti-Soviet bias in the Romanian position, which the authors believe undermines the unity of the Socialist countries.
February 7, 1972	Lecture by Soviet Ambassador Tolstikov for Friendly Diplomats on Forthcoming Nixon Visit In his presentation to the chiefs of the Warsaw Pact states' diplomatic representations in February 1972, Soviet Ambassador Tolstikov analyzes Chinese-US relations over the previous 25 years and assesses the political and economic prospects for a Sino-American rapprochement in the light of US President Richard Nixon's imminent visit to Beijing.
September 1, 1971	GDR Embassy in Bucharest, 'Evaluation on the Visit of the Chinese Military Delegation in the RSR from August 22 to August 31, 1971’ This document describes the visit of a Chinese military delegation to Romania. According to the East German view, this visit is evidence of Chinese efforts to exert influence in the Balkans. China is said to support the nationalist position of the Romanian Communist Party and to encourage it to continue its politics. The evaluation submitted by the East German embassy concludes that Romania wishes to maintain an equilibrium in simultaneously sustaining relations with China and the Soviet Union.
August 2, 1971	Record of the Meeting Between Leonid Brezhnev and East European Party Leaders in the Crimea (Including Discussion on China) This record of the Crimean meeting between General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev of the Soviet Communist Party and East European party leaders addresses Soviet domestic and foreign policies. Also discussed is China's anti-Soviet attitude. Brezhnev mentions the negative reactions of Korea and Vietnam to US President Richard Nixon's planned visit to China. The participants at the meeting are in favor of intensifying relations with Japan. Further discussions focus on the possibility of China joining the UN. All participants at the meeting criticize Nicolae Ceauşescu's visit to China as damaging the interests of the Warsaw Pact. Romania is said to support China's politics towards Albania and Yugoslavia.
July 22, 1964	Report by the Czechoslovak Embassy in Tirana on Albanian-Chinese Relations This document reviews Albanian-Chinese relations during the mid-1960s, and discusses Albanian-Chinese differences with regard to their respective interpretations of Socialist ideology.
May 6, 1987	Czechoslovak Translation of the Soviet Report on the Tenth Round of Soviet-Chinese Consultations in Moscow This report outlines the April 1987 Sino-Soviet consultations, with an emphasis on the desire of both the Soviet and the Chinese side to improve mutual relations. However, the Chinese side accuses the Soviet Union of illegal interference in Cambodia. The Soviet Union, in turn, declines responsibility for the Cambodian situation. The participants also discuss the problem of Soviet troop deployments in Afghanistan and Mongolia, which impede Sino-Soviet cooperation.
November 6, 1986	Czechoslovak Translation of the Soviet Report on the Ninth Round of Soviet-Chinese Consultations in Moscow This report summarizes the October 1986 Sino-Soviet consultations, with emphasis on the Soviet determination to improve mutual relations. At the same time, the Soviet Union declines to pressure Vietnam to withdraw from Cambodia. The Chinese delegation is prepared to normalize political and economic cooperation, but does not propose concrete measures. The authors speculate that this is due to Soviet Union's interference in Asian political affairs.
January 8, 1986	Czechoslovak Translation of the Soviet Summary of Conversations Between Mikhail Gorbachev and Li Peng in Moscow This report summarizes the consultations between Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev and his Chinese counterpart Li Peng in December 1985 with a focus on divergent positions towards international problems. Li Peng declines to pursue a common policy with the Soviet Union and demands that the Soviet Union cease its interference in Afghanistan, as well as a Vietnamese troop withdrawal from Cambodia.

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Mao, Zedong 186

Stalin, Joseph 162

Zhou, Enlai 106

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich 40

Soviet Union. Embassy (China) 37

Soviet Union 738

North Korea 120

United States 117

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984 396

Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1950-1959 235

Making of the Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1945-1950 123

Chinese Civil War, 1946-1950 93

Korean War, 1950-1953 87