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Sino-Soviet Relations

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1950-1959

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893 - 1976

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879 - 1953

Making of the Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1945-1950

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898 - 1976

The Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2012.

Southeast Asia

Vietnam

Photograph of Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong, 1945

Chinese Civil War, 1946-1950

Photograph of 38th parallel crossing during Korean War

Korean War, 1950-1953

Uyghur man in Xinjiang

China

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Nikita Khrushchev at the UNGA, 1962.

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich

1894 - 1971

Placeholder image for when a portrait image is not available

Soviet Union. Embassy (China)

-

Photograph fo Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Beijing

China. Foreign Ministry

1949 -

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May 15, 1985	Czechoslovak Translation of Soviet Report on the Sixth Round of Soviet-Chinese Consultations in Moscow This report on Soviet-Chinese consultations in Moscow includes Soviet proposals to improve the relationship with China, including the establishment of a military expert commission on border questions. However, the Chinese delegation insists that the Soviet Union cease supporting Mongolia, Afghanistan, Vietnam, and Cambodia. The author concludes that mutual cooperation has not been substantially improved as a result of the consultations.
July 14, 1977	Bulgarian Communist Party Politburo Decision on Information about China after Mao This decision of the Politburo of the Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP) refers to specific measures to be undertaken by Bulgaria's ideological and propagandistic organs in publicly condemning Maoism as an ideology contrary to the theory and practice of Socialism and Marxism-Leninism. Among these measures are the commissioning of publications, media reports, and lectures at institutions of higher education in order to excoriate Chinese foreign policy for its attacks on the Soviet Union and the other European Socialist countries.
July 9, 1973	Report by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union on China's Policy toward Western Europe and Opposition against the CSCE This document contains information prepared by the Central Committee (CC) of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) on China's European policy and Chinese opposition to the convocation of a Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE). It states that China's overall goals are diametrically opposed to those of the European Socialist countries and their Communist parties, with Beijing identifying the Soviet Union as its primary enemy. In this light, the Soviet leadership maintains that actively confronting China in ideological and political terms remains one of the most important tasks of the Warsaw Pact countries.
December 12, 1962	Minutes of Conversation between Chinese Deputy Director of the Department of Soviet and European Affairs Yu Zhan and Charge d’Affaires of the Soviet Union Nikolai Mesyatsev on the Sino-Indian Boundary Issue Yu Zhan and Nikolai Mesyatsev argued on Soviet responsibility in the stubbornness of India.
October 14, 1959	From the Journal of Ambassador S.F. Antonov, Summary of a Conversation with the Chairman of the CC CPC Mao Zedong October 1959 conversation between Mao Zedong and the Soviet diplomat and sinologist S.F. Antonov, in which Mao attempted to reassure the Soviets that China would not provoke war with the United States or with its Asian neighbors. In his conversation with Antonov, Mao attempts to lessen the impact of China’s displeasure with Soviet policies. He tries hard to show his agreement with Moscow on every issue—the United States, Taiwan, India, Tibet, disarmament.
October 25, 1962	Cable from the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 'Memorandum from the Soviet Union on the Sino-Indian Border Dispute and the Sale of Aircrafts to India' The Chinese Foreign Ministry informed all of its embassies and Charge d’Affaires about the Soviet Memorandum on the Sino-Indian Dispute and emphasized the necessity to make clear that India was the invader, not China.
October 22, 1962	Memorandum of Conversation between Chinese Vice Foreign Minister Zhang Hanfu and Soviet Ambassador Stepan Chervonenko Stepan Chervonenko and Zhang Hanfu discuss the ongoing border dispute between India and China, and Chervonenko presents a Soviet memorandum outlining the USSR's stance toward the war.
February 23, 1960	Meeting Minutes between Zhang Weile and Soviet Deputy Director of the Far Eastern Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs R. Sh. Kudashev Kudashev explained why the USSR was lobbying for Nehru: His influence in Asia, the importance of Indian support in the upcoming East-West Summit Conference, the possibility of enlisting India as an ally. He also discussed treaties between China and Burma and Indonesia.
November 28, 1959	Cable from the Chinese Embassy in the Soviet Union, 'The Soviet Union’s Attitude towards the Sino-Indian Border Dispute' The Chinese Embassy in the Soviet Union commented that Moscow was trying to maintain a neutral stance in the conflict because it still had important stakes in India. The report predicted that this attitude would have negative consequences and encourage the Indian rightists.
September 10, 1959	Memorandum of Conversation Between Chinese Vice Foreign Minister Zeng Yongquan and Charge d’Affaires of the Embassy of the Soviet Union in China S. Antonov Zeng and Antonov talked about the outbreak of conflict along the Sino-Indian border, a TASS statement regarding the issue made without incorporating Chinese opinion and the role of publicity.

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Mao, Zedong 186

Stalin, Joseph 162

Zhou, Enlai 106

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich 40

Soviet Union. Embassy (China) 37

Soviet Union 738

North Korea 120

United States 117

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984 396

Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1950-1959 235

Making of the Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1945-1950 123

Chinese Civil War, 1946-1950 93

Korean War, 1950-1953 87