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Sino-Soviet Relations

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1950-1959

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893 - 1976

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879 - 1953

Making of the Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1945-1950

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898 - 1976

The Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2012.

Southeast Asia

Vietnam

Photograph of Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong, 1945

Chinese Civil War, 1946-1950

Photograph of 38th parallel crossing during Korean War

Korean War, 1950-1953

Uyghur man in Xinjiang

China

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Nikita Khrushchev at the UNGA, 1962.

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich

1894 - 1971

Placeholder image for when a portrait image is not available

Soviet Union. Embassy (China)

-

Photograph fo Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Beijing

China. Foreign Ministry

1949 -

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Documents

May 7, 1959	Ambassador Yudin's Letter to Zhou Enlai The Soviet Ambassador to China expressed his admiration of an article regarding the Tibet issue in the People's Daily
July 31, 1970	Untitled Soviet report on Soviet-Chinese negotiations on border issues This report, prepared by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, states Moscow's readiness to resume negotiations with Beijing on the issue of border clashes along the Soviet-Chinese border.
August 14, 1963	Information by the Czechoslovak Foreign Ministry on the Soviet-Chinese Discussions in Moscow This document examines Sino-Soviet relations with a focus on a 1963 discussion forum in Moscow. The analysis reveals an ideological and political divide between the two countries. Attached is a document outlining Chinese positions on questions of Socialism and peace and on Soviet-Sino relations.
July 23, 1963	Analysis by the Czechoslovak Foreign Ministry of Chinese-Albanian and Chinese-Yugoslav Relations This document reviews relations between China and Albania during the 1960s, focusing on political and economic cooperation between the two allies. The author also discusses the relationship between China and Yugoslavia in the 1950s and 1960s. The document shows that Sino-Yugoslav relations have deteriorated due to Chinese criticism of the Albanian brand of Socialism.
September 5, 1963	Zhou Enlai’s Discussion with a Kenyan African National Federation Delegation (Excerpt) Zhou Enlai criticizes the Three-Nation Treaty (Limited Test Ban Treaty) of 1963, arguing that it signifies an attempt by the US, UK, and USSR to monopolize nuclear weapons. Enlai warns that the agreement will allow larger nuclear countries to commit “nuclear blackmail” against smaller, non-nuclear countries.
July 18, 1960	Mao Zedong’s Talk at the Beidaihe Central Committee Work Conference (Excerpt) Mao Zedong declares that, in the absence of Soviet assistance, China must rely only upon itself in its pursuit of technological modernity and socialism.
July 11, 1960	Some Remarks by Zhou Enlai on a Report by Nie Rongzhen In the wake of a deepening Sino-Soviet split, Zhou Enlai explains how to manage Chinese bilateral technological and educational exchanges. Above all, Zhou emphasizes the importance of Chinese self-reliance in innovation and education as the country moves forward.
July 3, 1960	Report by Nie Rongzhen to Mao Zedong Regarding Science and Technology (Abridged) Nie Rongzhen reports to Mao on scientific and technical issues and Soviet assistance and cooperation in the area of nuclear development. The Chinese were becoming frustrated by what they called the Soviet "stranglehold" on key technical data, and led to an unwanted feeling of dependence on their Soviet comrades.
June 20, 1959	Letter from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Central Committee to the Chinese Communist Party Central Committee on the Temporary Halt in Nuclear Assistance The Soviet Central Committee informs their Chinese counterparts that, in light of the arms reduction talks taking place in Geneva, Soviet nuclear assistance must cease. The Chinese had requested a sample atomic bomb and technical data, but the Soviet feared that doing so would imperil the efforts of the socialist countries in Geneva.
April 4, 1958	Letter from Nikita Khrushchev to Zhou Enlai on the Prohibition of Nuclear Testing Khrushchev writes to Zhou outlining the Soviet Union's argument for the need to halt the testing of atomic weapons, and urges the Chinese to support and agree to the ban.

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Mao, Zedong 186

Stalin, Joseph 162

Zhou, Enlai 106

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich 40

Soviet Union. Embassy (China) 37

Soviet Union 738

North Korea 120

United States 117

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984 396

Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1950-1959 235

Making of the Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1945-1950 123

Chinese Civil War, 1946-1950 93

Korean War, 1950-1953 87