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Sino-Soviet Relations

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1950-1959

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893 - 1976

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Placeholder image for when a places image is not available

East Asia

Mongolia

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898 - 1976

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

Japan's Itsukushima Shrine

East Asia

Japan

Interkit, 1966-1987

Trade agreement between European Economic Community and China

China-Europe Relations

Zhao Ziyang on a tour of East Germany in June 1987.

China-Eastern Europe Relations

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879 - 1953

Emblem of the People's Republic of China

China. State Council

1954 -

Placeholder image for when a portrait image is not available

Kovalev, Ivan

-

Nikita Khrushchev at the UNGA, 1962.

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich

1894 - 1971

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May 23, 1958	From the Journal of S.F. Antonov, 'Record of a Conversation with Cde. Mao Zedong' On May 23, 1958, Mao Zedong met in Beijing with Soviet official N.I. Bobrovnikov to discuss China's political and economic developments. Mao emphasized the successes of socialism in the PRC, the ongoing struggle against rightists, and the importance of fighting revisionism, particularly criticizing Yugoslavia's policies. He praised Soviet support, expressed optimism about China's agricultural and industrial progress, and dismissed concerns over a lack of US. recognition.
January 25, 1960	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1960, No. 3 (Overall Issue No. 197) Reports on the economic achievements of 1959, support for Soviet proposals on disarmament, a visit to China by an East German delegation, and the establishment of a new agency for foreign economic cooperation, reflecting China's focus on economic and international collaboration. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
June 4, 1957	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1957, No. 23 (Overall Issue No. 96) This issue contains content on Sino-Soviet relations, China-India trade agreement, mechanical engineering industry's changes to management system, People's Bank of China improving efficiency of revenue from railroads transportation, Ministry of Agriculture on preparing for summer harvest and sowing, ministry of water resources on strengthening the work of waterlogging prevention and drainage, enterprises doing heatstroke prevention measures, summer/ fall disease prevention measures, State Council repealing the decision made by Wenshan office about the development of Miao autonomous prefecture.
August 2, 1958	Third Conversation of N.S. Khrushchev with Mao Zedong, August 2, 1958, in Fengziyuan Mao and Khrushchev have a conversation about about international affairs, including NATO, CENTO, and SEATO, relations with the USA and Japan, and the situation in the Near East. They also expressed their views on the situation in Latin America, and preparations for a third world war. According to the Soviet record of the conversation, they also discussed domestic problems in the two countries. Specifically, Mao spoke at length to Khrushchev about the successes of the Great Leap.
April 14, 1969	Record of Furui-Zhou Enlai Meeting Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai and Japanese Diet member Furui Yoshimi discuss bilateral relations between China and Japan. Zhou is critical of both the Soviet Union and the United States. The two sides pay particular attention to Japan's relations with Taiwan.
January 28, 1957	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1957, No. 4 (Overall Issue No. 77) This issue features content on China's relations with the Soviet Union, Hungary, Afghanistan, and Hong Kong. It also has sections on tax relief and loan assistance for poor production teams and military, prevention and treatment of Kashin-Beck Disease, the collection of revolutionary history archives, regulations on production, business, infrastructure, and Soviet activities, and village transfer and reassignment.
January 16, 1957	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1957, No. 2 (Overall Issue No. 75) This issue features content on China's relations with the German Democratic Republic, Bulgaria, and the Soviet Union. It also has sections on bonds for economic construction, the handicrafts industry, sports records and achievements, and heating in workers' dormitories.
September 18, 1964	Record of a Conversation between Cde. N.S. Khrushchev, Chairman of the USSR Council of Ministers, and S. Radhakrishnan, President of India This document summarizes a 1964 conversation between Nikita Khrushchev and Indian President S. Radhakrishnan, covering topics such as agricultural innovation, economic development, and the ongoing Sino-Indian conflict. Khrushchev criticizes China's hostility toward India and mocks Mao Zedong's leadership, expressing frustration that China resented the Soviet Union's refusal to support them against India. The discussion reflects Soviet-Indian solidarity and Khrushchev's broader disapproval of Chinese foreign policy and internal governance.
April 16, 1956	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1956, No. 14 (Overall Issue No. 40) In this issue, Zhou Enlai congratulates the Prime Minister of Morocco, Mbarek Bekkay, and the Prime Minister of Tunisia, Tahar Ben Ammar, after both countries won their independence. One section announces a Sino-North Vietnamese civilian air transport service agreement; while another features a Sino-Soviet agreement to develop various industries and build a railway between Lanzhou and Aktogay (now in Kazakhstan). Finally, other sections discuss managing cooperatives, higher education, and provincial administrative concerns.
January 16, 1956	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1956, No. 02 (Overall Issue No. 28) This issue begins with an announcement from the Chinese, Mongolian, and Soviet governments about the completion of a connective railway. Zhou Enlai and the Chinese government also recognize the independence of Sudan. Other sections discuss the ongoing Sino-American ambassadorial talks, retirement and sick leave benefits for state employees, and the simplification of Chinese characters.