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Sino-Soviet Relations

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

The Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2012.

Southeast Asia

Vietnam

Placeholder image for when a portrait image is not available

China. Embassy (Soviet Union)

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Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Photograph of a US POW during the Vietnam War.

Vietnam War

Conversations with Zhou Enlai

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893 - 1976

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898 - 1976

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

Interkit, 1966-1987

Japan's Itsukushima Shrine

East Asia

Japan

China-Southeast Asia Relations

Ho Chi Minh in East Germany, 1957.

Hồ, Chí Minh (Ho Chi Minh)

1890 - 1969

Nikita Khrushchev at the UNGA, 1962.

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich

1894 - 1971

Photograph of Li Xiannian

Li, Xiannian

1909 - 1992

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August 1961	Record of Conversations between Cde. N. S. Khrushchev, First Secretary of the CPSU CC, and Ho Chi Minh, Chairman of the CC of the VWP Khrushchev and Ho Chi Minh discuss global tensions around imperialism, nuclear disarmament, and peace talks over Germany. They review worsening Soviet relations with Albania and China, as Albania aligns with Beijing and Western powers. The leaders also address the conflicts in Laos and South Vietnam, balancing support for revolutionary forces with concerns over provoking US intervention.
July 3, 1961	Record of Conversation between N.S. Khrushchev and Pham Van Dong Pham informs Khrushchev of the various independence movements in Asia, such as the politics of Laos, and in Vietnam. He then debriefs Khrushchev about the relations between Vietnamese intelligentsia and the Communist Party. With regards to Communists in China, the two parties discuss the failure of the communes project.
June 27, 1961	Record of Conversation between N.S. Khrushchev and Prime Minister Pham Van Dong of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam Pham Van Dong thanks Khrushchev for the Soviet help to Vietnamese people. Khrushchev talks about politics around the world, particularly, in the socialist countries such as Albania and China. He claims that the relationship with China is improving. Khrushchev also mentions that he discussed Indian politics with Mao. He criticizes the politics of Stalin toward China.
March 12, 1957	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1957, No. 10 (Overall Issue No. 83) This issue contains a report by Zhou Enlai's visit to 11 countries in Asia and Europe, work arrangements, export tax regulations, Japanese encephalitis, national exams, and village reassignment.
September 19, 1969	Notes Kept during the Verbal Report given to the First Secretary of the CC of the PLA, Comrade Enver Hoxha, on 19 September 1969, by Comrade Rita Marko The Albanian Party leadership discusses recent meetings with the Chinese Communist Party, the state of Sino-Soviet relations, and the funeral of Ho Chi Minh.
September 12, 1964	Record of a Conversation between Chairman of the USSR Council of Ministers N.S. Khrushchev and President of India S. Radhakrishnan Khrushchev and Indian President Radhakrishnan discuss regional tensions, including cooperation with Nepal, the situation in Kashmir, and the spread of socialism in Southeast Asia. Radhakrishnan expresses concern over Chinese aggression and reaffirms India’s commitment to peaceful solutions. Khrushchev downplays China's influence, criticizing Mao Zedong’s leadership and emphasizing the unreliability of Chinese policy. Both leaders affirm the importance of continued Soviet-Indian cooperation amid regional challenges.
April 16, 1956	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1956, No. 14 (Overall Issue No. 40) In this issue, Zhou Enlai congratulates the Prime Minister of Morocco, Mbarek Bekkay, and the Prime Minister of Tunisia, Tahar Ben Ammar, after both countries won their independence. One section announces a Sino-North Vietnamese civilian air transport service agreement; while another features a Sino-Soviet agreement to develop various industries and build a railway between Lanzhou and Aktogay (now in Kazakhstan). Finally, other sections discuss managing cooperatives, higher education, and provincial administrative concerns.
March 8, 1955	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1954, No. 3 (Overall Issue No. 3) This issue covers a meeting between the Chinese and Burmese prime ministers. It also includes letters that a Chinese government delegation and Enver Hoxha exchanged for Albania's tenth anniversary, as well items on Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan, the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Nations. In terms of domestic policy, among other topics, it provides instructions for issuing bonds to help build the nation's economy, regulations for arrest and detention, and regulations for urban residence committees.
November 9, 1986	Cable No. 3757, Ambassador Nakae to the Foreign Minister, 'The Prime Minister’s Visit to China (Meeting with General Secretary Hu - Japan-China Relations)' Hu and Nakasone discuss some of their countries respective foreign policy priorities, including the USSR, the United States, the Cambodian-Vietnamese conflict, Eastern Europe, and Afghanistan, as well as arms control.
April 15, 1976	Embassy of the GDR in the USSR, 'Note about a Meeting of Comrade Goede with Comrade Kapitsa, Head of the 1st Far Eastern Department of the MID on 14 April 1976' Goede and Kapitsa discuss the dismissal of Deng Xiaoping and recent appointment of Hua Guofeng following anti-Mao demonstrations. They also discuss Soviet relations with Cambodia and the DRV, and Sino-Japanese and Sino-American relations.