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Sino-Soviet Relations

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1950-1959

Nikita Khrushchev Collection

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893 - 1976

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Nikita Khrushchev at the UNGA, 1962.

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich

1894 - 1971

Presidential Office Building of Taiwan

East Asia

Taiwan

The Taj Mahal Shrine in Agra, India.

South Asia

India

The Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2012.

Southeast Asia

Vietnam

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898 - 1976

Placeholder image for when a portrait image is not available

Soviet Union. Embassy (China)

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China-Southeast Asia Relations

Sino-Soviet Border Conflict, 1969

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879 - 1953

Jawaharlal Nehru, 1949

Nehru, Jawaharlal

1889 - 1964

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August 28, 1958	From the Journal of A.A. Brezhnev, 'Record of a Conversation with Zhang Liguang, Chief of the PRC MFA Socialist Countries Protocol Department, 15 August 1958' On August 15, 1958, Soviet diplomat A.A. Brezhnev spoke with Zhang Liguang, head of the PRC Foreign Ministry's Socialist Countries Protocol Department, during a reception in Beijing to discuss international reactions to the recent meeting between Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev and Chinese leader Mao Zedong. Zhang reported heightened interest from foreign diplomats, particularly from India.
May 23, 1958	From the Journal of S.F. Antonov, 'Record of a Conversation with Cde. Mao Zedong' On May 23, 1958, Mao Zedong met in Beijing with Soviet official N.I. Bobrovnikov to discuss China's political and economic developments. Mao emphasized the successes of socialism in the PRC, the ongoing struggle against rightists, and the importance of fighting revisionism, particularly criticizing Yugoslavia's policies. He praised Soviet support, expressed optimism about China's agricultural and industrial progress, and dismissed concerns over a lack of US. recognition.
November 24, 1962	Record of Conversation between N.S. Khrushchev and Ambassador of India T. Kaul Khrushchev and Indian Ambassador T. N. Kaul met again to discuss the ongoing Sino-Indian conflict. Kaul reiterated India’s request for Soviet military support, emphasizing the threat posed by China despite the recent Chinese ceasefire proposal. Khrushchev reaffirmed the Soviet Union’s commitment to a peaceful resolution and warned against escalating militarization but confirmed that the USSR would proceed with the planned construction of an aircraft plant in India and the delivery of MiG-21 aircraft. The conversation also addressed Soviet-Chinese relations, with Khrushchev denying any military aid to China and expressing regret over the conflict between two countries friendly to the USSR. Both sides agreed on the importance of negotiations while acknowledging ongoing challenges to achieving a lasting settlement.
August 1961	Record of Conversations between Cde. N. S. Khrushchev, First Secretary of the CPSU CC, and Ho Chi Minh, Chairman of the CC of the VWP Khrushchev and Ho Chi Minh discuss global tensions around imperialism, nuclear disarmament, and peace talks over Germany. They review worsening Soviet relations with Albania and China, as Albania aligns with Beijing and Western powers. The leaders also address the conflicts in Laos and South Vietnam, balancing support for revolutionary forces with concerns over provoking US intervention.
July 3, 1961	Record of Conversation between N.S. Khrushchev and Pham Van Dong Pham informs Khrushchev of the various independence movements in Asia, such as the politics of Laos, and in Vietnam. He then debriefs Khrushchev about the relations between Vietnamese intelligentsia and the Communist Party. With regards to Communists in China, the two parties discuss the failure of the communes project.
June 27, 1961	Record of Conversation between N.S. Khrushchev and Prime Minister Pham Van Dong of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam Pham Van Dong thanks Khrushchev for the Soviet help to Vietnamese people. Khrushchev talks about politics around the world, particularly, in the socialist countries such as Albania and China. He claims that the relationship with China is improving. Khrushchev also mentions that he discussed Indian politics with Mao. He criticizes the politics of Stalin toward China.
August 2, 1958	Third Conversation of N.S. Khrushchev with Mao Zedong, August 2, 1958, in Fengziyuan Mao and Khrushchev have a conversation about about international affairs, including NATO, CENTO, and SEATO, relations with the USA and Japan, and the situation in the Near East. They also expressed their views on the situation in Latin America, and preparations for a third world war. According to the Soviet record of the conversation, they also discussed domestic problems in the two countries. Specifically, Mao spoke at length to Khrushchev about the successes of the Great Leap.
August 1, 1958	Second Conversation of N.S. Khrushchev with Mao Zedong, August 1, 1958, in Zhongnanhai On this second day of the talks, international affairs were the main topic of conversation. From the Soviet record, which like those of the first and the next discussion, was made by Fedorenko and the third secretary of the USSR Ministry of Foreign Affairs Anatolii I. Filyov, it is evident that the atmosphere was fully relaxed, anti-imperialism brought the communist leaders together. Both hated America, Great Britain, France, West Germany, Japan, and their leaders. They discussed the situation in the Near East in detail and were heartened by the victory of leftist forces in Iraq. They joked a lot. And only at the end did Mao lightly touch upon his claims to Khrushchev, who at once reminded the Chinese leader of the Soviet advisors. It was obvious that this question continued to bother him, and Khrushchev exacerbated his grievance.
July 31, 1958	Conversation of N.S. Khrushchev with Mao Zedong, July 31, 1958, at the Airport At the airport in Beijing, Mao and Khrushchev agree on how to organize their meetings over the next several days.
September 16, 1959	G. Zhukov to the CPSU CC A PRC memorandum outlines supposed American plots to create “two Chinas."