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Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984 China--Foreign policy Clear All

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Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Sino-Soviet Relations

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Interkit, 1966-1987

Trade agreement between European Economic Community and China

China-Europe Relations

The Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2012.

Southeast Asia

Vietnam

Zhao Ziyang on a tour of East Germany in June 1987.

China-Eastern Europe Relations

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

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Eastern Europe

Romania

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

Sino-Soviet Border Conflict, 1969

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893 - 1976

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Germany (East). Embassy (China)

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Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898 - 1976

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China. Embassy (Soviet Union)

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Nikita Khrushchev at the UNGA, 1962.

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich

1894 - 1971

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Puzanov, A. M.

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November 23, 1979	From the Journal of A.F. Dobrynin, 'Record of a Conversation with Z Former US Secretary of State Kissinger, 23 November 1979’ In this November 1979 conversation, Soviet Ambassador Anatoly Dobrynin confronted former US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger over his increasingly anti-Soviet rhetoric and alignment with Republican hardliners, which Dobrynin criticized as opportunistic and damaging to détente. Kissinger defended his shift as a tactical response to domestic political pressures and his ambitions to return to government, while still insisting he valued stable Soviet-American relations. The discussion also touched on US fears of instability in Saudi Arabia, the strategic implications of Soviet and Cuban involvement in Africa, and Kissinger's belief in the need for a tacit division of global influence between the superpowers.
January 25, 1960	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1960, No. 3 (Overall Issue No. 197) Reports on the economic achievements of 1959, support for Soviet proposals on disarmament, a visit to China by an East German delegation, and the establishment of a new agency for foreign economic cooperation, reflecting China's focus on economic and international collaboration. This document summary was generated by an artificial intelligence language model and was reviewed by a Wilson Center staff member.
May 9, 1963	Notification from the Central Committee on the Romania-Soviet Relationship and Our Policy towards Romania Peng Zhen held a meeting with the Romanian Ambassador to China and gained new insights into the Soviet-Romanian relationship.
January 25, 1962	Cable from the Chinese Embassy in Romania, 'Annual Work Summary for 1961 from the [Chinese] Embassy in Romania' The Chinese Embassy in Bucharest reflects on Romania's foreign policy, Sino-Romanian relations, and domestic developments in Romania in 1961.
May 31, 1962	Cable from the Chinese Embassy in Romania, 'General Report about the Situation in Romania' (Excerpts) The Chinese Embassy in Romania offers its perspectives on Romania's policies towards China, India, Albania, Yugoslavia, the United Kingdom, and Austria.
September 18, 1964	Record of a Conversation between Cde. N.S. Khrushchev, Chairman of the USSR Council of Ministers, and S. Radhakrishnan, President of India This document summarizes a 1964 conversation between Nikita Khrushchev and Indian President S. Radhakrishnan, covering topics such as agricultural innovation, economic development, and the ongoing Sino-Indian conflict. Khrushchev criticizes China's hostility toward India and mocks Mao Zedong's leadership, expressing frustration that China resented the Soviet Union's refusal to support them against India. The discussion reflects Soviet-Indian solidarity and Khrushchev's broader disapproval of Chinese foreign policy and internal governance.
September 18, 1964	Dictation of N.S. Khrushchev on the Draft Treaty with China on Resolving Border Disputes This document captures Khrushchev’s reflections on a draft border treaty with China, in which he responds to Chinese claims that Tsarist Russia unfairly seized territory. Khrushchev argues that both Russian tsars and Chinese emperors pursued expansionist, exploitative policies and suggests that current borders are inherited from those historical systems. He emphasizes the need to resolve disputes peacefully and pragmatically, focusing on mutual recognition, socialist solidarity, and the self-determination of local populations.
September 12, 1964	Record of a Conversation between Chairman of the USSR Council of Ministers N.S. Khrushchev and President of India S. Radhakrishnan Khrushchev and Indian President Radhakrishnan discuss regional tensions, including cooperation with Nepal, the situation in Kashmir, and the spread of socialism in Southeast Asia. Radhakrishnan expresses concern over Chinese aggression and reaffirms India’s commitment to peaceful solutions. Khrushchev downplays China's influence, criticizing Mao Zedong’s leadership and emphasizing the unreliability of Chinese policy. Both leaders affirm the importance of continued Soviet-Indian cooperation amid regional challenges.
March 26, 1980	Embassy of the GDR in the USSR, 'Information on Some Issues of China's Current Policy' A discussion of the 5th Plenary Session of the CCP Central Committee and power struggles within the Chinese government, China's development targets, and foreign policy strategies, especially with the Soviet Union.
June 10, 1977	Information on the Chinese Question for the Leaderships of the Fraternal Parties of the Socialist Countries A report on China's growing anti-Soviet policies since the death of Mao Zedong, the potential for a Sino-Soviet war, border disputes with the Soviet Union, and Chinese relations with the United States, Western Europe, Japan, Southeast Asia, and the "Third World." They also discuss the Soviet strategy in response to these events.