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Afghan resistance fighters return to a village destroyed by Soviet forces

Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan

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South Asia

Afghanistan

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

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South Asia

Pakistan

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Middle East

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

President Ronald Reagan, Vice-President Bush, and oviet General Secretary Gorbachev

United States-Soviet Relations

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Najibullah, Mohammad

1947 - 1996

Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906 - 1982

Sino-Soviet Relations

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Soviet Union. Communist Party. Central Committee (CPSU CC). Politburo

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Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931 - 2022

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

Soviet Foreign Policy

Andrei Gromyko at the UN, 1981

Gromyko, Andrei Andreevich

1909 - 1989

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Amīn, Ḥafīẓ Allāh

1929 - 1979

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Leonid Brezhnev Collection

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March 14, 1985	Memorandum of Conversation Between M. S. Gorbachev and General Secretary of the CC NDPA [National Democratic Party of Afghanistan], Chairman of the Revolutionary Council of DRA [Democratic Republic of Afghanistan] B. Karmal. Gorbachev and Chairman Karmal discuss the future of Afghanistan with less intervention from the Soviets.
December 4, 1979	Telegram from Chief Soviet Military Adviser, 'Report from Kabul' H. Amin requests subunits of Soviet Internal Troops capable of keeping order in the northern regions together with the DRA people’s militia.
December 2, 1979	Telegram from Chief Soviet Military Adviser, 'Report from Kabul' H. Amin requests that the Soviet government send one reinforced regiment to Badakhshan.
September 2, 1989	Letter from Ahmad Shah Masoud to Soviet First Deputy Foreign Minister and Special Afghanistan Envoy Yuli Vorontsov Afghan opposition leader Ahmad Shah Masoud sends a defiant letter in response to Soviet overtures.
January 24, 1989	Minutes of CPSU Central Committee Politburo, 'Measures in Connection with the Upcoming Withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan' (Excerpt) List of measures to support the Afghan military following the withdrawal of Soviet troops, especially the vital suppy route of the Kabul-Hayraton highway.
August 1988	Report from General Valentin Varennikov to Soviet Defense Minister Dmitri T. Yazov (Excerpt) Varennikov reports on Afghan opposition leader Ahmad Shah Masoud, who is seen as the most significant threat to the Soviet-backed regime.
March 13, 1979	Diplomatic Note of the Afghan Embassy in Sofia The Afghan embassy in Sofia submits a list of diplomatic personnel who have been dismissed and had their diplomatic passports revoked.
1986	GRU Dossier on Najibullah Biography of Najibullah, General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) from a dossier of the USSR Armed Forces General Staff Main Intelligence Directorate.
December 11, 1989	Letter from CPSU General Secretary Mikhail S. Gorbachev to Afghan Government Gorbachev discusses the necessity of intra-Afghan peace talks. At the same time, the Soviet Union will provide military assistance, weapons, and aircraft to Afghanistan to retaliate against opposition.
July 1991	Memorandum, 'An Analysis of the “Islamic factor” in the Afghan Situation' by A. Belousov, Deputy Chairman of the Tajik SSR KGB Analysis of US support to opposition mujaheddin forces in Afghanistan and related attempts to use Islamic ideology to destabilize the Soviet Central Asian republics.